Increasing economic integration, crop structure adjustment, and global climate change have led to China becoming one of many countries that has been severely affected by invasive species. The majority of invasive species in China are invasive insects. It is important, therefore, to clarify the factors that affect their abundance, and to develop efficient methods of prevention and control for these pests. This article provides an overview of progress in research on the biological characteristics, genetic differentiation, interspecies interactions and ecological adaptation, of invasive insects, as well as their early detection, field monitoring and prevention and control technology in China over the past 20 years. Perspectives and directions for future research on invasive insects are also discussed. Information in the factors affecting the occurrence of invasive insects, prospects for improving current control strategies and tactics for preventing biological invasions, are also provided.