Development, fecundity and nymph morphology, of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (St?l)
Author of the article:ZHAN Hai-Xia;CHEN Ju-Hong;MI Qian-Qian;LI Wen-Jing ZHANG Feng ZHANG Jin-Ping
Author's Workplace: MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; CABI East Asia, Beijing 100081, China
Key Words:Halyomorpha halys; developmental duration; longevity; fecundity; body size of nymphs; morphological characteristics of nymphs
Abstract:
[Objectives] To determine the developmental duration from egg to adult, fecundity and
longevity of Halyomorpha halys adults,
and describe the morphological characteristics of each nymph instar. [Methods] Individual egg masses of H. halys were hatched in a Petri dish. First to 5th instar
nymphs were individually reared and checked after each molt to record their
developmental duration and morphological characteristics. The fecundity and
lifespan of H. halys adults were
measured by rearing male and female pairs. All experiments were conducted at (25±1)
℃, 65%±5% RH, under a
16L∶8D photoperiod. [Results] The developmental duration of H. halys from egg to adult was (44.98±2.54)
d. The duration of the egg stage was 6.90 d, and the hatching rate was 96.06%.
The total duration of the nymph stage was (38.08±2.49) d, and that of the 1st,
2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars was (5.41±0.17),
(9.17±0.15), (6.73±0.16), (7.46±0.49) and (9.28±0.32) d, respectively. The average
survival rate of nymphs was 59.76%. The mean longevity of females and males was
(30.80±2.41) and (36.56±2.82) d, respectively. The lifetime fecundity of H. halys females was 83.80 eggs on average.
The duration of the pre-oviposition and oviposition periods was 11.80 and 14.08
d, respectively. 1st instar nymphs are usually yellowish, brown or
orange in color, with a body length of (1.93±0.03) mm and width of (1.43±0.02)
mm. 2nd-5th instar nymphs are often black (not as
colorful as 1st instar nymphs). The 2nd instar has a
black chest dorsal area without yellow freckling, black tibiae without white
spots and a body length and width of (2.52±0.05) mm and (1.73±0.03) mm,
respectively. The 3rd instar has a black chest dorsal area with yellow
freckling, black tibiae with white spots or annulation, and a body length and
width of (4.29±0.05) mm and (2.93±0.06) mm, respectively. The 4th instar has wing
buds that extend to the edge of the posterior thorax, black tibiae with white annulation,
and a body length and width of (6.46±0.10) mm and (4.46±0.08) mm, respectively.
The 5th instar has very obvious wing buds reaching to the end of the
posterior margin of the 2nd ventral segment, black tibiae with white rings, and
a body length and width of (9.25±0.19) mm and (6.18±0.16) mm, respectively. [Conclusion] The developmental duration of H. halys from egg to adult was (44.98±2.54)
d and the survival rate was 57.60%. The lifetime fecundity was 83.80 eggs per
female. The developmental stage of wing buds and the presence of white annulation
on the tibiae are key morphological characteristics for distinguishing
different nymph instars.