Phytophagous gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are important global pests of certain crops and trees. The galls formed by these midges are extremely common in nature, and are comprised of a special host plant tissue induced by these insects. Adult gall midges are very small and their life span is very short. In general, females emerge, mate once, and then search for host plants on which to oviposit. Semiochemicals play a crucial role in host plant selection and mate location and manipulating their behavior with semiochemicals has become a practical method of gall midge management. This paper reviews progress in research on gall midge attractants, including female sex pheromones, chemicals involved in location of host plants, and the application of semiochemicals in the management of pest species of cecidomyiid midges.