Accurate identification of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)
Author of the article:FENG Bo;GUO Qian-Shuang;WANG Hao-Jie;PAN Lie-Ming;DU Yong-Jun
Author's Workplace: Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University; Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University; Ningbo NewCon Inc.
Key Words:Spodoptera frugiperda; morphological characteristics; individual differences; male genitalia; bursa copulatrix
Abstract:
[Objectives] To describe morphological characteristics that can be used to accurately
identify the moth Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive pest that has recently
become established in China. [Methods] Stable, diagnostic, morphological
characteristics of male and female moths, including male genitalia and female
bursa copulatrix are described. [Results] Body size and other 20 morphological
characteristics are too variable among individuals to be used to accurately
identify S. frugiperda. In addition to 4 forewing characteristics,
including black spots on the base of the forewing, 6 other morphological
features, such as black scale bands on the labial palp, are found to be
sufficiently invariant among individuals to serve as diagnostic features. An
oblique orbicular spot in the middle of the forewing, and other 3 morphological
characteristics are confined to males and females. The uniform color of humeral
plates and 4 other features are confined to males, whereas the characteristic
“same color of the inner part to the forewings” is confined to females. Four
and two newly identified external morphological features accurately distinguish S. frugiperda from S. litura and S. exigua moths,
respectively. Newly identified 6 diagnostic features of male S. frugiperda genitalia
include juxta longer than wide, whereas newly identified 4 features of females
bursa copulatrix include the base of the ductus bursae being obviously wider
than the end. Three features of the male genitalia, and 3 of the female bursa
copulatrix, accurately distinguish S. frugiperda from male S. litura and female S. exigua, respectively. [Conclusion] The results of this study not only provide
morphological characteristics of the forewing but also additional morphological
characteristics of other body part that allow the accurate identification of
male S. frugiperda. Forewing features that allow the accurate
identification of females are also provided for the first time. In addition,
our results provide a useful reference on the genitalia of noctuids, including
some newly described features of the male genitalia and female bursa
copulatrix.