[Objectives]  To provide a theoretical basis for research on the function of the amPFK gene in Apis mellifera. [Methods]  The cDNA sequence of the amPFK gene was cloned by RT-PCR, and its amino acid sequence and protein structure analyzed using bioinformatic methods. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of the amPFK gene in different castes and developmental stages of A. mellifera. [Results]  The open reading frame (ORF) of the amPFK gene is 2 486 bp, encoding 757 amino acids. Sequence analysis indicates that amPFK has been highly conserved, and may have two phosphate fructose kinase domains. The amPFK protein is mainly composed of an α-helix, which is a stable hydrophilic protein that may interact with Vha44. RT-qPCR indicated that expression of the amPFK gene is significantly different in different castes and developmental stages. The expression of ampfk in different drone and queen age classes tended to first increase, decrease, then increase. Expression was highest in adults. Among larvae of different ages expression of ampfk was significantly higher in one day-old larvae, and expression in queens and drones was significantly higher than that in workers. [Conclusion]  The relatively high expression of amPFK in the early larval and adult stages of queens and drones may be related to the energy metabolism associated with cell proliferation in the early stages of postembryonic and reproductive development.