Recent innovations in sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics have allowed the genomics of rice pests and their natural enemies to be more widely studied. At present, the draft genomes of many rice pests, such as Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Susumia exigua, have been completed. At the same time, the genomes of some natural enemies of rice pests are also being sequenced. The molecular mechanisms underlying the biological characteristics of rice pests and their natural enemies is gradually becoming clearer with the help of genomics. This paper mainly summarizes important progress in genomics research on rice pests and their natural enemies, and outlines future prospects for research in combination with the development of omics.