The relationships between learning in phytophagous insects and integrated pest management
Author of the article:
Author's Workplace：
Key Words： phytophagous insects, learning, IPM
Abstract：Learning in phytophagous insects include habituation, aversion learning, associative learning, sensitization, and induction of preference, which may significantly affect the effects of strategies and tactics of pest management. Induction of preference of pest insects may result in more serious infestations in largescale monoculture fields, and associative learning can produce positive or negative influence on the effects of trap cropping. Habituation of pest insects to repellents or insecticides may significantly reduce the effects of these control agents. Habituation to antixenosis of crops by pest insects may result in more severe damage, whereas aversion learning of antixenosis may favor protection of the crops. By taking advantage of associative learning, in sterilemalerelease programs, artificial experience of stimuli similar to those of natural copulation habitats by sterile males before release can enhance the ability of these insects to locate sites at which mating occurs in nature and to court females. Understanding the influence of learning in phytophagous insects on pest anagement may help to investigate and develop more effective strategies and tactics such as habitat manipulation and behavioral control.