During 2006-2010, with support from a grant from the “National Basic Research Program of China” (973 Program) (No. 2006CB102000), Chinese entomologists have conducted a lot of researches on the interactions among plants, pest insects and natural enemies. Many outstanding findings have been published in important journals, such as Science, New Phytology and Plant Journal. In this paper, we review major new findings in Chinese entomology over the past 5 years. For example, silencing the OsHI-LOX gene makes rice more susceptible to chewing herbivores but enhances resistance to a phloem-feeder; larval feeding by two sibling species of induced different defensive responses in tobacco; plants release the common chemical (3Z)-hexen-ol to attract parasitic wasps to defend them from insect pests; functional synchronization of biological rhythms exhibits a tritrophic system; ecological trade-offs between jasmonic acid-dependent direct and indirect plant defenses exist in tritrophic interactions; elevated CO₂ changes interactions between nematodes and tomato genotypes with different JA pathways; and mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops were correlated with the wide-scale adoption of Bt cotton in China. These results have greatly improved understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between plants, pest insects and their natural enemies.