Progress in research on the integrated management of the brownplanthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) in China
Author of the article:LIN YongJun1**HUA HongXia1HE YuQing1YANG ChangJu1ZHAI BaoPing2SHEN JinLiang2ZHANG KaiJun2XUE XiaoFeng2FU Qiang3LUO Ju3LOU YongGen4ZHU ZengRong4TANG QiYi4LV ZhongXian5XU HongXing5ZHENG Xu
Author's Workplace:3China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou310006, China; 4Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310029, China; 5Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou310021, China; 6Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning530007, China; 7Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Changsha410125, China; 8Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, China; 9Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China; 10Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan430064, China; 11Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei230036, China;
Key Words:brown planthopper, insecticide resistance monitoring, environmental friendly integrated control system, demonstration and application
Abstract:
Because of the magnitude of the losses to rice production caused by the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stl)), and the resistance of BPH to chemical insecticides, the frequency of BPH outbreaks, breeding of insect resistant rice varieties, insecticide resistance monitoring, development of new pesticides , new ecological management technologies, prediction technologies and the integration and demonstration of sustainable pest management technologies were investigated in central, southern and eastern China and other representative regions.The results show that BPH collected from Vietnam, Laos and southern China were mainly biotype Ⅱ, with the next most common biotype being biotype Ⅲ. Paddy field microclimate was the key factor for BPH escaping high temperature, as morning temperature increased, a large number of BPH moved to within 20 cm of the rice base to thereby minimizing the adverse effects of high temperature. Different methods of transplanting rice seedlings had a great influence on the densities of BPH; BPH densities in handedplanted rice fields were the highest, followed by those in machineplanted rice fields, with densities in direct seeded rice fields the lowest. The abundance of BPH in super hybrid rice was obviously higher than in conventional hybrid rice and high levels of nitrogen promoted BPH occurrence. Furthermore, there was an interactive effect between different rice varieties and nitrogen levels with regard to BPH abundance. BPH in China have high resistance to imidacloprid (168.1561.5), low to moderate resistance to buprofezin (4.233.1) and are sensitive to slightly resistant to nitenpyram and chlorpyrifos. Four effective pesticides with low toxicity to humans were selected from those sold on the current market; Thiamethoxam, Pymetrozine, Nitenpyram and Fenobucard. We developed three kinds of new compound pesticides, one of which has been officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture’s Pesticide Quarantine Institute, and has been produced on a large scale. The other two new compound pesticides are currently undergoing the pesticide registration process. The BPH resistant genes BPH6, BPH7, BPH9, BPH15, BG1222 have been finely mapped in rice, and their close cosegregation molecular marker identified. A new rice variety, Guangliangyou 476, containing the BPH resistance gene BPH14, was cultivated, with high yield, high quality and appropriate maturity. A large number of parental rice lines containing multiresistant polymerization genes have already been cultivated. This project developed a set of ecocontrol technologies, such as seasonal planting regimes, planting soybeans on the edge of rice fields to attract the natural enemies of BPH, and the use of parasitic wasps or spiders to control BPH. Three biological repellents to BPH feeding and oviposition and one attractant of BPH’s parasite wasp, Anagrus nilaparvatae, were extracted from plants. An environmentally friendly integrated control system was established, and applied in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi Provinces. This project has the potential to provide economic, ecological and social benefits.