On reduction and loss of wings in Diptera.
Author of the article:ZHANG Kui-Yan，AN Shu-Wen，YANG Ding
Author's Workplace：(Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China)
Key Words：Diptera; wing; reduction; habitat; causes; mechanisms
Abstract：The main purpose of the present paper is to introduce the five modes of wing reduction, brachypterous, stenopterous, micropterous, subapterous, and apterous. It gives out their special habitats, such as altiplano, ocean, underground cavern. Finally it di