昆虫质型多角体病毒的研究进展
Progresses of insect cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus
贺 倩**， 刘小侠， 张青文***
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作者单位：中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆虫系 IPM与植物抗虫性实验室 北京 100193
中文关键词：质型多角体病毒；结构；基因序列；生防
英文关键词：cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), structure, molecular biology, biocontrol
中文摘要：
质型多角体病毒(Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus，CPV)隶属呼肠孤病毒科Reoviridae质型多角体病毒属Cypovirus, 通常基因组由10 个节段双链 RNA 构成。RNA分子量为3～27 u。根据病毒基因组dsRNA 片段在聚丙烯酰胺或琼脂糖凝胶中电泳图谱的差异，目前CPV已被分为19个电泳型。不同于呼肠孤病毒科其它成员，CPV为单层衣壳，而不是常见的双层衣壳结构，衣壳蛋白主要由衣壳蛋白、大突起蛋白及塔式突起蛋白组成。大部分质型多角体病毒引起昆虫慢性疾病，造成寄主死亡或适应性降低。随着RNA病毒基因序列测定技术的成熟，质型多角体病毒的序列测定方面取得较大进展，目前GenBank核苷酸序列数据库中已经公布了家蚕Bombyx mori CPV电泳型1两个株系(H株和I株)、舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar CPV电泳型1、舞毒蛾CPV电泳型14及粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni CPV电泳型全基因组序列，为该病毒的进化与起源的研究提供更多的遗传信息。本文从结构功能、侵染特点、基因组特点及应用前景等方面综述了昆虫质型多角体病毒的研究进展。
英文摘要： Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (CPVs) belong to the genus Cypovirus in the familiy Reoviridae, and are divided into 19 distinct electrophoretypes on the basis of variation in the electrophoretic migration patterns of genome segments. They are unique within the Reoviridae family in having a single-layer capsid contained within a polyhedrin inclusion body, yet being fully capable of cell entry and endogenous RNA transcription. CPVs can attack 221 insect hosts causing chronic infections. Great progress has been made in sequencing CPV genomes. The genome of two type 1 CPVs from Bombyx mori, type 1 and type 14 from Lymantria dispar and type 15 from Trichoplusia ni, have been fully sequenced and deposited in GenBank. These sequences provide more genetic information for studying the evolutionary relationship and origins of cypoviruses. This paper summarizes recent research on the structure, infection characteristics, genome characteristics of CPVs and their possible future applications.