云南元阳梯田水稻田白背飞虱若虫空间分布型及理论抽样数
Spatial distribution patterns and theoretical sampling of Sogatella furcifera of nymph in rice terrace fields in Yuanyang.
唐小艳**,陈 斌*** ,李正跃*** ,李梓亦 ,王 芳
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作者单位：生物多样性控制病虫害教育部重点实验室，生物多样性控制作物病虫害应用技术国家工程研究中心 云南农业大学植物保护学院 昆明 650201
中文关键词：白背飞虱, 空间分布型, 负二项分布, 分布型参数, 元阳梯田, 云南
英文关键词：Sogatella furcifera, spatial distribution pattern, negative binomial distribution, distribution parameters, Yuanyang Terrace, Yunnan
中文摘要：
采用Taylor幂法扩散法和Iwao回归法分析了云南元阳哈尼梯田1 400~2 000 m海拔16个哈尼族传统水稻品种田白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horvath) 1~3龄若虫的空间分布特征。结果表明，白背飞虱1~3龄若虫在不同海拔、不同水稻品种田均呈聚集分布中的负二项分布，其负二项分布的公共K值为3.53，聚集原因主要是由白背飞虱生物学特性和环境因素引起。Iwao直线回归方程拟合公式为m*=3.96+1.09m(R=0.97),Taylor幂拟合公式为lg(V)=0.28+1.34×lg(m)(R=0.85)。其中,在1 400~1 500、1 501~1 600、1 601~1 700、1 701~1 800、1 801~1 900和1 901~2 000 m海拔梯田稻田中，白背飞虱若虫平均拥挤度分别为10.74±0.83、23.67±3.50、21.64±6.02、47.10±5.71、52.59±12.75、13.72±3.14，差异显著(F=5.77，P<0.01)，其中在1 701~1 800和1 801~1 900 m海拔稻田中白背飞虱平均拥挤度最高，表明在该海拔处白背飞虱在稻丛上分布较为集中，而在1 400~1 500和1 901~2 000 m海拔稻田中平均拥挤度最低。根据空间分布型参数，建立了精度分别为0.1和0.2时的理论抽样数模型，分别为n=1905.43x+34.57，n=476.36x+8.64，该模型适用于不同虫口密度下的田间抽样。当白背飞虱虫口密度为5、10、20头/丛时，分别取样30、20和15个样方。
英文摘要： Dispersal indices, and the Iwao and Taylor regression methods, were used to investigate the spatial distribution and theoretical sample size of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) nymphs in rice terrace fields at different altitudes in Yuanyang, Yunnan. Results show that younger nymphs had a negative binomial spatial pattern which was the result of their intrinsic biological characteristics and environmental factors．Iwao’s m*-m regression model was m*=3.96+1.09 m(R=0.97) ，and Taylor’s V-m regression model was lg(V)=0.28+1.34×lg(m)(R=0.85). The K\|value of the negative binomial distribution was 3.53. The aggressive intensity coefficient was significantly different at different altitudes (F=5.77，P<0.01); 10.74±0.83，23.67±3.50，21.64±6.02，47.10±5.71，52.59±12.75 and 13.72±3.14 in rice fields at altitudes of 1 400-1 500 m，1 501-1 600 m,1 601-1 700 m，1 701-1 800 m，1 801-1 900 m and 1 901-2 000 m, respectively. The maximum aggressive intensity coefficient was in rice fields at altitudes of 1 701-1 800 and 1 801-1 900 m, and the minimum was in rice fields at altitudes of 1 400-1 500 and 1 901-2 000 m. Theoretical sampling equations were n=1 905.43x+34.57, n=476.36x+8.64, which gives the estimated sample size for different densities of nymphs with an accuracy of 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. According to the above equations， 30，20 and 15 sampling units should be sampled when the density of the S. furcifera is assumed to be 5，10 and 20 individuals per sampling unit．These results provide a basis for the scientific sampling and control of this pest.