温度升高对昆虫发生发展的影响
The fitness of insects in response to climate warming
董兆克，戈峰**
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作者单位：中国科学院动物研究所 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101
中文关键词：气候变暖， 增温， 植食性昆虫， 天敌， 种群动态
英文关键词：global change, global warming, increase temperature, herbivore, natural enemies
中文摘要： 全世界地表平均温度在上个世纪增加了074℃，并且在未来还会持续增加。在过去的20年，气候变暖对生物系统的影响吸引了大量的研究。本文综述了由温度升高为主要驱动因子的气候变化对昆虫适合度的影响，主要从昆虫越冬存活率、化性（世代数）、扩散迁移、发生分布、物候关系5个方面阐述气候变暖对昆虫发生发展的作用，认为未来应长期进行昆虫种群动态监测预警，更关注气候变暖下植物-害虫-天敌互作关系的研究。
英文摘要： Global average surface temperature has increased by around 0.74 ℃ during the past century and will continue to rise in the future. Understanding how these changes have affected biological systems has attracted a vast amount of research during the last two decades. Here we review the existing evidence on how insects have responded to these changes in climate, especially to increases in temperature. The fitness of insects can be predicted to change in response climate change in 5 ways, including changes in geographic distribution, winter survival, voltinism, dispersal / migration and phenology. However, there are still many unknowns in our understanding of the effects of climate warming on insects. Future research needs to consider the relationships between host plants, insect herbivores, and their natural enemies, and the longterm population-level responses of herbivores to global warming.