东方蜜蜂气味受体基因Or1和Or2的克隆与序列分析
Gene cloning and sequence analysis of Or1 and Or2 in Apis cerana
赵慧婷1**,高鹏飞1,张桂贤1,张春香1,马卫华1,2,姜玉锁1***
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作者单位：1. 山西农业大学动物科技学院太谷030801；2. 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所太原030031
中文关键词：东方蜜蜂，气味受体，序列对比，进化分析
英文关键词：Apis cerana，odorant receptors，sequence alignment，evolution analysis
中文摘要： 蜜蜂是自然界最重要的授粉昆虫，对维护自然生态系统的生物多样性和保持农业生态系统的增产效应发挥着巨大的作用。作为世界第一养蜂大国，中国养蜂业健康发展的意义不仅在于获取大量高品质的蜂产品，更重要的是发挥蜜蜂授粉的农业增产效应，证我国的粮食安全。和其他动物一样，蜜蜂健康也受到多种病害的威胁，近年来蜜蜂病毒病在世界范围内的广泛流行与传播保，是导致世界蜂群持续下降的一个重要原因。蜜蜂病毒长期广泛的以无明显发病症状的低浓度隐性感染方式存在于蜜蜂蜂群中，但多数蜜蜂病毒在特定环境条件下可被激活，在寄主体细胞内快速复制，表现出强烈的致病性，引发致死性蜜蜂病毒病的流行与爆发。蜜蜂病毒病知识的缺乏，以及复杂的蜜蜂病毒鉴定技术使得蜜蜂病毒病难以及时确诊和防治，因此每年在养蜂生产上造成的巨大损失已严重阻碍了我国养蜂业的健康发展。本文将综述这一领域的研究成果和学科发展趋势，为在我国开展蜜蜂病毒学研究提供参考，并介绍国外的一些蜜蜂病毒病诊断方法与防治经验服务于我国养蜂生产实践。
英文摘要： AcOr2 were 1 2Honey bees play a vital role in global food production and sustainable ecological systems． However，honey bee colony losses of 20% —30% per year in recent years have been devastating to the agricultural industry and the associatedecosystems that rely on honey bees for pollination． Among the biotic and abiotic factors that are suspected to be responsible for honey bee deaths，viruses are frequently implicated in colony losses． This is especially the case when the colonies are infested with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor，the most serious pest of honey bees globally． Viruses have also been linked to honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder ( CCD)， a mysterious malady that wiped out 50% to 90% of managed beecolonies in the U． S． during the winter of 2006—2007． It has therefore become urgent to elucidate the disease mechanisms of bee viruses and to develop strategies to control viral pathogenesis and disease spread inhoney bees． This paper summarizes the current efforts and recent advances in honey bee virus research regarding transmission，epidemiology， replication and pathogenesis ofviral infection． Future research and development directions leading to the prevention， detection，diagnosis，and treatment of diseases caused by viruses are also discussed in detail． The information included in this chapter can be used by scientists and apiary inspectors to monitor honey bee colonies for viruses to prevent the spreadof disease．