蜜蜂人工代用花粉中适宜钙磷水平的初步研究
Research on optimal level of calcium and phosphorus inpollen substitutes
李迎军**，郑本乐，杨维仁， 胥保华***
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作者单位：山东农业大学动物科技学院泰安271018
中文关键词：意大利蜜蜂，人工代用花粉，钙磷水平
英文关键词： Apis mellifera ligustica，pollen substitute，optimal level of calcium and phosphorus
中文摘要：钙磷是蜜蜂饲粮中必需的常量元素。为了探讨蜜蜂人工代用花粉中适宜的钙磷水平，本试验选取蜂王、
群势基本一致的意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola 70 群，随机分为14 个组，每组5 群蜂，前12 组饲喂采用
均匀设计法配制的不同钙磷水平的人工代用花粉。第13 组饲喂不加钙磷的人工代用花粉为负对照，第14 组饲喂
纯油菜花粉为正对照。试验从春繁开始，到刺槐流蜜期结束为止。试验期间测定蜂群的采食量、蜂群群势、幼蜂
初生重，成蜂蜂体组织内钙磷含量。结果表明:当人工代用花粉中钙磷水平分别为0，0. 65% 时，蜂群的采食量、蜂
群群势、幼蜂初生重均取得最大值;成蜂蜂体组织内钙含量与人工代用花粉中钙磷含量成正相关，成蜂蜂体组织
内磷含量与人工代用花粉中钙磷含量之间没有相关性。
英文摘要：In order to determine the optimal levels of calcium and phosphorus required in pollen substitutes，different
levels of CaCO3 and NaH2 PO4 ·H2O were added to the pollen substitutes provided to experimental colonies of Apis
mellifera ligustica Spinola． 70 A． mellifera ligustica colonies of equal size，queen quality and age were randomly allocated
to 14 treatment groups (5 replications of each group) ． The 14th group was fed pure rape pollen ( control treatment)，the
13th group was fed diets with no CaCO3 and NaH2 PO4·H2O ( negative control treatment)，and the others were fed pollen
substitutes with different levels of CaCO3 and NaH2 PO4·H2O ( groups 1 － 12) ． The trial ran from spring to the end of the
honey locust flow． The total intake of each colony，the overall honeybee population and the emergence weight and mineral
content of adult honeybees，were monitored during the trial period． Regression analysis was used to determine the optimal
levels of CaCO3 and NaH2 PO4·H2O． The results show that maximal values of total intake for colonies，total population
size and emergence weight can be obtained at a dosage of 0 calcium and 0. 65% phosphorus． In conclusion，there is the
positive correlation between the calcium content of adult honeybees and the level of calcium and phosphorus in pollen
substitutes，but no such relationship exists for phosphorus．