大果榕亚组三种榕树传粉榕小蜂核型研究
Karyotype analysis of pollinating wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) of three Ficus species
武士波1,2，柳青1,2，杨培1，杨大荣1**
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DOI：
作者单位：1热带森林生态学重点实验室 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园昆明650223； 2中国科学院研究生院北京100049
中文关键词：传粉榕小蜂，染色体，核型，核型不对称性系数
英文关键词：pollinating fig wasps，chromosome，karyotype，karyotype asymmetry coefficients
中文摘要：
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研究了木瓜榕(Ficus auriculata Loureiro)、苹果榕(F． oligodon Miquel)及未知榕(Ficussp． )3种榕树传粉榕小蜂的核型。结果表明:3种榕树对应的传粉榕小蜂具有非常相似的核型，染色体数目相同为 2n =10，染色体全部为中着丝粒染色体;核型公式 2n =2X =10 =10M，核型均为 Stebbins-1A型。以臂比不对称性系数 Dc和相对长度不对称性系数 Dt作二维散点图，
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Ceratosolen emarginatus Mayr (木瓜榕传粉榕小蜂 )和C． emarginatus Mayr (苹果榕传粉榕小蜂)具有非常相近的核型不对称系数，核型不对称性大于 Ceratosolensp． (未知榕传粉榕小蜂)，显示出两者更近的亲缘关系，而 Ceratosolensp． (未知榕)与前两者亲缘关系较远。此外，比较了 Ceratosolen属和 Blastophaga属在核型方面的差异，认为染色体数目包括染色体形态能够作为准确区分 Ceratosolen属和 Blastophaga属的依据，并对 Ceratosolen属的核型进化进行了初步探讨。
英文摘要：
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Metaphase chromosomes and karyotypes of Ceratosolen emarginatus Mayr ( Ficus auriculata Loureiro)，C． emarginatus Mayr (F． oligodon Miquel) and Ceratosolensp． (Ficussp． )were investigated and compared． The results show that these three species have a highly similar karyotype with a diploid number of 2n = 10 and all chromosomes largeand metacentric． The karyotype formula is 2n = 2X = 10= 10M． The karyotype is of the type 1A according to the criteria of Stebbins (1971)． A plot of two body dimensions indicates that Ceratosolensp． (Ficussp． ) is less asymmetrical thanC． emarginatus (F． auriculata) andC． emarginatus (F． oligodon)． In other words，C． emarginatus (F． auriculata) and
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C． emarginatus (F． oligodon) are a much more closely related than either species is to Ceratosolensp． (Ficussp． )． Moreover，a comparison of the karyotypes of Ceratosolen and Blastophaga indicates that chromosome number andmorphology can be used to distinguish these two genera． Likely scenarios for the evolution of the Ceratosolen karyotype arediscussed．