梨小食心虫成虫性比、日羽化节律及活动规律
The sex ratio, circadian emergence rhythm and activity patterns of adult oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
冉红凡**,路子云***,刘文旭,屈振刚,李建成
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作者单位：河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所，河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心，
中文关键词：梨小食心虫，性比，羽化节律，活动规律，桃园
英文关键词：oriental fruit moth, sex ratio, emergence rhythm, activity pattern, peach orchard
中文摘要：梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta （Busck）是我国重要的果树害虫，本文利用室内饲养观察、室外田间模拟、果园采集饲养等方法系统研究了梨小食心虫成虫的性比及日羽化节律；并利用性诱剂、糖醋液、黑光灯等诱集梨小食心虫成虫，研究了梨小食心虫成虫的活动规律。结果表明：1、田间采集调查表明，梨小食心虫成虫雌雄比例为1∶1.143，室内饲养雌雄比例为1∶1.708。2、梨小食心虫成虫羽化时间主要集中在4：00—10：00，其中以6：00—8：00羽化率最高；梨小食心虫在室外羽化时间比室内推迟2 h左右，室外梨小食心虫比室内普遍晚4 d羽化，这可能与室外温度和光照条件有关；雌虫羽化较雄虫早1～2 d；3、性诱剂和糖醋液诱集成虫高峰时间均为晚上20：00—22：00，说明梨小食心虫无论雄虫还是雌虫都在此期间活动； 夜间各个时间段利用黑光灯都能诱到梨小食心虫成虫，说明梨小食心虫具有趋光性。结论：梨小食心虫雌雄比例为1∶1.1～1.7，主要在早晨及上午羽化，雌虫较雄虫先羽化；在果园活动时间主要为晚上20：00—22：00。本结果可为梨小食心虫的田间性诱剂监测和诱捕、迷向防治提供指导。
英文摘要：Oriental fruit moth is an important pest of fruit trees in China. The sex ratio and circadian emergence rhythm of adult oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) was investigated by rearing in laboratory, simulant field conditions and collecting in orchards for rearing. And the activity patterns of oriental fruit moth was investigated using sex pheromone, sweet and sour liquid and blacklight lamp for trapping. The results showed that: 1. the ratio of female and male moths was 1∶1.143 in field populations, and 1∶1.708 in laboratory populations. 2. the emergence time of adult oriental fruit moth was mainly in 4：00—10：00, among which the highest emergence rate was in 6：00—8：00; in field, the emergence time was later for 2 h than in laboratory, and as for days, 4 d later than in laboratory, this would because of the temperature and illumination in field; the female moths emerged earlier than male for 1-2 days; 3. the trapping peak in sex pheromone and sweet and sour liquid were also in 20：00—22：00, which indicated that all the male and female activity in this time; the blacklight lamp could trap moth in all the time, which indicated that the oriental fruit moth has phototaxistic. The conclusions: the sex ratio of oriental fruit moth was 1∶1.1—1.7 (female∶male); and the oriental fruit moth was mainly emergence in morning, and female emergence earlier than male; it was active in early evening 20：00—22：00. This can provide direction for oriental fruit moth attraction, monitoring and mating disruption.