桃园中食心虫单一性诱芯及其复合配置的诱蛾效率比较
Comparison of the trapping efficiencies of lures based on the sex pheromones of two fruit moth species and a ombinationof the sex pheromones of each species
刘玉峰1** 杨小凡1 王 冲1 崔 彦2 刘小侠3 马春森4 魏国树1***
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作者单位：1. 河北农业大学植物保护学院，保定 071001；2. 河北省植保植检站，石家庄 050011；3.中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院;4. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100193
中文关键词： 梨小食心虫，桃小食心虫，性诱芯，复合设置，诱蛾效果
英文关键词：Grapholita molesta, Carposina sasakii, sex pheromone carrier, combined sex pheromone carriers, trapping efficiency
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确两种食心虫性诱芯复合配置的诱蛾效果，提高其监测或防治效率及其绿色环保化水平，为果树生产中食心虫的高效监测和绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】 田间系统调查研究了梨小食心虫（以下简称“梨小”）、桃小食心虫（以下简称“桃小”）单一性诱芯及其复合配置3种处理的诱蛾效率，并利用“Y”型嗅觉仪比较研究了其间梨小雄蛾趋向性的差异。【结果】 （1）梨小和桃小性单一诱芯及其复合配置对梨小均具有引诱作用，其诱蛾总量依次为8 238.33、1 451.67、8 321.67头/诱捕器，其中第1、2、3代时复合配置诱蛾量最大，越冬代和第4代时梨小单一性诱芯诱蛾量最大，而各世代桃小单一性诱芯诱蛾量均最低。梨小单一性诱芯及其复合配置均监测到5个梨小发生高峰，且峰期基本一致，但复合配置的峰日诱蛾量均较高；桃小单一性诱芯仅监测到3个梨小发生高峰，且峰日诱蛾量亦较低。（2）桃小单一性诱芯及其复合配置对桃小均具有引诱作用，其诱蛾总量依次为4.00、2.33头/诱捕器，而梨小单一性诱芯对桃小无引诱作用。（3）“Y”型嗅觉仪研究发现，梨小食心虫对梨小和桃小各单一性诱芯及其复合配置均具有趋向作用，其趋向率依次为50.67%、8.67%、53.33%。【结论】 梨小和桃小单一性诱芯复合配置对梨小诱捕量有微增效作用，而对桃小诱捕量有一定干扰作用，但影响均不显著。据此，该复合配置可用于桃园中梨小和桃小的监测与防控。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To provide a scientific basis for the efficient monitoring and green control of fruit moths in fruit orchards and improve the monitoring and control efficiency of the sex pheromone carriers. [Methods] The trapping efficiencies of sex pheromone carriers of Grapholita molesta Busck and Carposina sasakii Matsumura were compared to that of a combination of the pheromones of both species in the field. A Y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the preferences of fruit moths for the pheromones of each species and the combined pheromone. [Results] The individual sex pheromones of G. molesta and C. sasakii and the combination pheromone all effectively trapped G. molesta with catches of 8 238.33, 1 451.67 and 8 321.67 (moth/trap), respectively. The catches of each species’ pheromone and the combination pheromone varied with moth generations; the combined sex pheromone caught more of the first, second and third generations of G. molesta than the G. molesta sex pheromone, but the G. molesta sex pheromone caught more of the overwintering and fourth generation than the combined sex pheromone. C. sasakii sex pheromone caught the fewest G. molesta. G. molesta sex pheromone and the combined sex pheromone were used to monitor five population peaks of G. molesta. Dates of the peak periods were basically the same, but peak day catches with the combined sex pheromone were higher than those achieved with G. molesta sex pheromone. The C. sasakii sex pheromone was used to monitor three peak periods in each of which the peak days catches were lower than those achieved with the other two pheromone treatments. (2) C. sasakii sex pheromone and the combined sex pheromone could both capture C. sasakii with respective total catches of 4.00 and 2.33 (moth/trap), but the G. molesta sex pheromone was not effective at capturing C. sasakii. (3) Both G. molesta and C. sasakii sex pheromone, and the combined sex pheromone, attracted G. molesta in the Y-tube olfactometer test. The respective preferences of G. molesta for the above three treatments were 50.67%, 8.67% and 53.33%. [Conclusion] A combination of G. molesta and C. sasaki sex pheromone achieved a higher catch rate of G. molesta, but a lower catch rate of C. sasakii compared to the individual sex pheromones of each species, however, there was no significant difference between these three treatments. None of the treatments changed the population dynamics of G. molesta and C. sasakii. Therefore, a combination of the sex pheromones of G. molesta and C. sasaki should be used to monitor and control G. molesta and C. sasakii in peach orchard.