机敏异漏斗蛛不同感觉对捕食和趋向行为的影响
Effect of different sensory stimuli on the predatory and approach behavior of the funnel-web spider Allagelena difficilis (Fox)(Araneae: Agelenidae)
荆 奇 周 琼** 欧丹霞 谭 灿
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作者单位：湖南师范大学生命科学学院，长沙 410081
中文关键词： 机敏异漏斗蛛，感觉，捕食，趋向行为
英文关键词：Allagelena difficilis, sensation, prey-capture, approach behavior
中文摘要：
【目的】 蜘蛛的感觉在发现猎物和捕食过程中起重要作用，研究机敏异漏斗蛛Allagelena difficilis（Fox）的不同感觉对其捕食和趋向行为的影响，有助于揭示影响漏斗蛛捕猎的主要感觉因素及其机制。【方法】 视觉屏蔽法、“Y”型嗅觉仪法、去除蛛网法等方法。【结果】 视觉和嗅觉对机敏异漏斗蛛的捕食量和趋向行为无显著影响，但蛛网的存在对其捕食量影响明显：视觉屏蔽与未屏蔽的机敏异漏斗蛛24 h捕食黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen量分别为25.20头/管和26.00头/管，两者之间差异不显著；嗅觉测试发现，在不同的气流条件下，机敏异漏斗蛛停留、选择有猎物管臂和对照管臂的数量之间差异均不显著；另外，该蛛在无蛛网情况下也可捕食，但捕食量极低，与已结网蛛之间的捕食量差异极显著（P<0.01），随着蛛网的修复，两者之间捕食量差距逐渐减小，至24 h时，两者捕食量相近。【结论】 机敏异漏斗蛛主要通过机械感觉线索感受蛛网振动、听觉以及猎物的直接碰触发现和捕获猎物，视觉和嗅觉对其捕食行为影响不明显。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Spiders senses play an important role in the process of prey detection and capture. By studying the effects of Allagelena difficilis (Fox) senses on their prey-capture and approach behavior,, we can gain a better understanding the primary factors underlying funnel-web spider predation. [Methods] Y-tube olfactometer test, visual shielding test and web-removal test were conducted under laboratory conditions. [Results] The visual and olfactory senses of A. difficilis had little influence on its approach to prey and predation behavior, but the spider’s web had a significant effect on these behaviors: there was no significant difference in the number of A.difficilis that chose the fork containing preys in the Y-tube olfactometer and those that did not (P>0.05), and prey consumption of A.difficilis whose eyes were shielded with black ink was also not significantly different to those whose eyes were not shielded (P>0.05). However, the prey consumption of spiders whose webs had been removed was significantly lower (P<0.01) than those which had not had their webs removed. After the removed webs had been repaired, the prey consumption of the both spider groups was similar. [Conclusion] A. difficilis depends primarily on mechanical senses transmitted via its web to detect and capture prey rather than on visual and olfactory senses. Vibratory / acoustic and tactile cues may be important factors affecting the prey-capture behavior of A. difficilis.