麦秸秆还田和翻耕深度对稻飞虱和蜘蛛群落数量影响
Effects of adding wheat stalks and depth of ploughing on numbers of rice planthoppers and spider communities in rice fields
万年峰** 季香云 张永兴 蒋杰贤***
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作者单位：上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所，上海 201403
中文关键词：麦秸秆还田，稻飞虱，蜘蛛，翻耕
英文关键词：returning wheat stalk into rice field, rice planthopper, spider, plough
中文摘要：
探讨麦秸秆还田和翻耕深度控制稻飞虱效果及对蜘蛛群落数量的影响。【方法】 以“麦秸秆返还稻田+稻田深翻耕20 cm”、“麦秸秆返还稻田+稻田浅翻耕10 cm”、“麦秸秆不返还稻田+稻田深翻耕20 cm”为处理，以种植者常规种植模式“麦秸秆不返还稻田+浅翻耕10 cm”为对照，对各处理区和对照区稻田稻飞虱成若虫、蜘蛛数量进行系统调查和分析。【结果】 在调查期内（7—10月），上述3个处理区稻田百丛稻株稻飞虱数量分别为（17.7±3.5）头、（18.1±3.7）头、（21.0±4.0）头，较对照区分别减少25.6%、24.0%、11.8%；无论麦秸秆是否还田，翻耕深度对稻田蜘蛛及稻飞虱数量均无显著影响；“翻耕20 cm+麦秸秆还田”和“翻耕10 cm+麦秸秆还田”处理区稻田蜘蛛数量及其蜘蛛与稻飞虱数量比值均显著高于麦秸秆不还田区。【结论】 本文揭示了麦秸秆还田能显著增强蜘蛛控制稻飞虱能力，可为秸秆还田的生态学效应研究提供理论依据。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To determine the effects of adding wheat stalks and depth of ploughing on numbers of rice planthoppers and spiders in rice fields. [Methods] We compared the effect of three treatments; “deep ploughing (20 cm) + wheat stalks”, “shallow ploughing (10 cm) + wheat stalks”, “deep ploughing (20 cm)” plus a control; “shallow ploughing (10 cm)”, on numbers of rice planthopper adults and nymphs as well as the number of spiders. [Results] Within the investigation period (July to October), the numbers of rice planthoppers per 100 rice plants in each of the above three treatments were (17.7±3.5), (18.1±3.7) and (21.0±4.0), respectively, which were 25.6%, 23.95% and 11.76% less than the control, respectively. Adding wheat stalks and depth of ploughing had no significant effect on the number of spiders or the control of rice planthoppers by spiders, but the number of spiders and the ratio of the number of spiders to rice hoppers were both significantly higher in the treatments in which wheat stalks were added to rice fields than in those in which they were not. [Conclusion] Returning wheat stalks to rice fields can significantly enhance the biological control of planthoppers by spiders in rice fields.