异迟眼蕈蚊成虫行为学特征及性信息素初步研究
Adult behavior and a preliminary study of the sex pheromones of Bradyseism difformis
张 爽** 张绍勇 赵应苟 贾进伟 黄俊浩 陈安良***
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作者单位：浙江农林大学 生物农药高效制备技术浙江省工程实验室，临安 311300
中文关键词：异迟眼蕈蚊，羽化，交尾行为，“Y”型嗅觉仪，性信息素
英文关键词：Bradysia difformis, emergence, mating, bioassay, sex pheromone
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了寻求高效无污染的防治害虫异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey的方法。【方法】 本文在人工气候室条件下, 采用行为、化学生态学等研究方法, 系统观察了异迟眼蕈蚊的羽化节律、交配行为,并对其性信息素进行了初步研究。【结果】 异迟眼蕈蚊羽化没有明显的昼夜节律，雌虫在16:00—21:00达到羽化高峰，雄虫羽化高峰出现在17:00—23:00，成虫在光期的羽化数量占总羽化数量的72%。成虫的求偶交配行为多发生在羽化后10 min左右，交尾时间3 min左右。异迟眼蕈蚊雄成虫在“Y”型嗅觉仪中对雌成虫及雌成虫腹部粗提物具有正趋向行为反应（P<0.01），证明异迟眼蕈蚊雌虫释放性信息素。【结论】 通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对雌、雄成虫腹部粗提物进行化学分析，得到雌成虫特有的3 种化学物质：正十二烷、正十六烷酸、（Z, Z）-9, 12-十八烷二烯酸，这些化合物可能是异迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫的性信息素成分。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To find an efficient and pollution-free method to control Bradysia difformis Frey. [Methods] Systematic observation of the emergence and mating behaviors of B. difformis and a preliminary study of the chemical ecology of the sex pheromones of this species, including their effects on behavior was conducted under laboratory conditions. [Results] Emergence had an obvious daily rhythm; the peak of female emergence was from 16:00 to 21:00 and that of males was from 17:00 to 23:00. Adults accounted for 72% of the total population during daylight, and could copulate for about 3 minutes ten minutes after emergence. Biological activity tests showed that both female adults and a primary extract of sex pheromone from the female abdomen were attractive to the males (P<0.01). [Conclusion] GC/MS was used to analyze the constituents of the primary sex pheromone extracted from adult females. Three potential components of the sex pheromone were found; dodecane, n-Hexadecanoic acid and (z,z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid.