江苏镇江地区主要白蚁种类分布、危害状况及防治策略
Study on the distribution, damage status and management strategies of the main species of wood-feeding termites in Zhenjiangarea,Jiangsu
黄海娣1** 田 洁1 谢蓉蓉2 孙建中2***
点击：2228次 下载：43次
DOI：
作者单位：1. 镇江市白蚁防治所，镇江 212000；2. 江苏大学生物质能源研究所，镇江 212013
中文关键词：食木白蚁，分子鉴定，生态分布，防治与管理
英文关键词：wood-feeding termite, molecular identification, distribution, damage management
中文摘要：
【目的】 本文旨在明确镇江市白蚁种类分布、危害状况和防治策略。【方法】 本文按照镇江市人口密度和园林绿化分布特点，将全市划分为商住区、工业区、园林区三个主要不同的生态区域。通过2012—2013年两年时间的调查与数据收集，在各生态区域共采集185份白蚁标本。运用传统白蚁形态学分类和现代分子生物学技术相结合的方法，对镇江市白蚁主要危害种类进行了鉴别确认。根据白蚁危害严重程度的不同，将镇江市不同生态区域分为蚁害严重区、较重区、一般区，以此确定镇江市白蚁分布危害的特点。【结果】 本研究鉴别确认了镇江市主要白蚁种类为2科4属共7种白蚁，分别为黑翅土白蚁 Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki、黄翅大白蚁 Macrotermes barneyi Light、台湾乳白蚁 Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki、黑胸散白蚁 Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder、尖唇散白蚁 Reticulitermes aculabialis Tasi et Hwang、圆唇散白蚁 Reticulitermes Labralis Hsia et Fan 和黄胸散白蚁Reticulitermes flaviceps Oshima。根据镇江市主要白蚁种类危害发生空间生态分布情况，镇江市的白蚁危害面广，各区域都有不同程度发生，其中城中区域白蚁分布最为密集。黑胸散白蚁在各个生态区域均有危害分布，且分布范围最广。三个不同生态区域中，蚁害严重区都集中在商住区，且散白蚁危害较大。园林区多为蚁害较重区，且土白蚁危害比较突出。工业区多为白蚁危害一般区，其散白蚁和土白蚁危害程度基本相同。根据镇江市近5年主要白蚁种群及蚁害发生时间，镇江地区的白蚁危害在全年各个月份都有发生，其危害的高峰期主要集中在4—6月，在5月达到高峰值。【结论】 通过系统研究与调查，我们掌握了镇江市的白蚁种类以及主要白蚁种群的生态分布区域，明确了镇江地区白蚁发生的时间规律、区域分布特征及其危害严重程度。以此为基础，本文提出了有针对性的镇江地区食木白蚁综合防治策略，为今后更有效地开展白蚁防治工作，保护珍贵园林树种及古典建筑，进一步提高我国白蚁防治和管理水平提供了有效的科学依据及其防治策略。
英文摘要：[Objectives] This paper attempts to investigate the distribution, damage status and the associated management strategies for the main species of wood-feeding termites occurred inZhenjiangarea. [Methods] This research project dividedZhenjiangarea into three main distinctive ecological areas, which include commercial residential area, industrial area and landscape area, in accordance with the population density as well as the characteristics of local landscape/industrial distributions. Through a systematic investigation and data collection in two years from 2012 to 2013, 185 termite samples were eventually collected from three clarified ecological areas, which were identified by modern molecular biology techniques, combining with traditional morphological classification. Depending on the severity of termite damage in the fields, the termite damage in an ecological area were further divided into three categories: the most serious area, serious area and less serious area, so as to determine the termite damage degree and its distribution in an ecological area. [Results] This study identified the 185 termite samples into 2 termite families covered 4 genera of 7 different species in total, which were Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, Macrotermes barneyi Light, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder, Reticulitermes aculabialis Tasi et Hwang, Reticulitermes Labralis Hsia et Fan, Reticulitermes flaviceps Oshima. According to the damage incidences and their spatial distribution of these identified termite species, the damage caused by these local wood-feeding termites distributed widely inZhenjiang, but with a different degree of occurrences in each region. In the downtown ofZhenjiangcity, the termite occurrences and their damages were the most densely distributed. In general, Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder and its damage were commonly found in all ecological regions, indicated the widest distribution. Among the three different ecological regions, the most serious damage were found to concentrate in the commercial residential area, where the Reticulitermes sp. dominated most damages for wood structures and trees; The serious damage areas, as the second rank of the termite damage, were concentrated in the landscape area, and O. formosanus was the dominant occurrence species; The less serious areas were generally occurred in the industrial area with two common occurrence species, Reticulitermes sp. and O. formosanus. According to the occurrence frequency of these wood-feeding termite species surveyed from 2009 to2013 inZhenjiangarea, the termite damage incidences occurred in every single month in a year, but with a main damage period lasted 4-6 months and generally peaked in May. [Conclusion] Through the systematic investigation, we identified the local 7 termite species, and characterized their distributions, and the associated damage status, occurrence time patterns in different ecological areas inZhenjiangarea. On this basis, the paper analyzed and discussed the prevention and control strategies towards these wood-feeding termites, which would certainly enhance our capability for an efficient termite management in a specific ecological area inZhenjiangarea.