转Bt抗虫稻对地上非靶标节肢动物的生态风险性
An overview of the potential ecological risk of insect-resistant transgenic Bt rice on non-target arthropods aboveground in fields
刘雨芳
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.135
作者单位：湖南科技大学生命科学学院，园艺作物病虫治理湖南省重点实验室，湘潭 411201
中文关键词：转基因水稻，抗虫水稻，Bt，非靶标生物，害虫，天敌，风险评估
英文关键词：transgenic rice, insect-resistance, Bt, non-target organism, insect pest, natural enemy, risk evaluation
中文摘要：
通过转入Bt基因使作物获得抗虫性，减少杀虫剂施用量，为害虫管理开辟了一条重要途径。但公众关注与担忧其环境释放可能存在生物安全与生态风险。本文在系统评述转基因抗虫水稻的生态风险、安全性评价研究内容与方法基础上，重点分析了转基因抗虫水稻对非靶标害虫、捕食性天敌、寄生蜂、中性昆虫及其在食物链上传递的生态风险与安全性，提出了未来研究发展的方向。
英文摘要： Insect-resistance in some crop plants has been achieved via the introduction of genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The technology for genetic modification of plants has reduced the usage of insecticides and provided a new tool and method for insect management. However, there is public concern regarding the potential ecological risks associated with the release of Bt rice into the environment. In this paper we systematically review the ecological risks, and methods used to create insect-resistant transgenic Bt rice, focusing on the ecological risk and biosafety of transgenic Bt rice with respect to non-target pests, natural enemies (both predators and parasitoids), neutral insects and the transmission of Bt toxic protein via the food chain. We also make some suggestions for future research.