【目的】 首次研究意大利蝗卵巢发育级别及变化，探讨卵巢发育与温度的关系。【方法】 利用室外罩养、室内恒温饲养。【结果】 意大利蝗卵巢发育分为5个主级（Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅵ级、Ⅴ级），其中Ⅱ级细分为初期、末期2个亚级，Ⅲ级细分为初期、中期、后期、末期4个亚级。卵巢发育过程显示：卵巢长度前期增长平缓，中后期增长迅速，而卵巢宽度增长较为缓慢，卵巢面积呈幂指数增长。交尾行为集中在Ⅲ级末期（70%）、Ⅳ级（30%）。在设置的26、29、32、35℃恒温条件下，卵巢发育可循环1～2次；卵巢第1次、第2次发育历期均呈极显著的负线性关系（P<0.01）；同一温度条件下，卵巢的第一次发育历期均长于第2次发育历期，第1次产卵量均高于第2次产卵量。在室外自然条件下，卵巢发育可循环1～5次，其产卵量均高于所设置的恒温条件下的产卵量。【结论】 意大利蝗卵巢发育主要集中于中后期；恒温23℃不适宜卵巢发育，26～35℃是卵巢发育的适宜温度，其中以32℃为最适发育温度。  

    [Objectives]  Ovarian development in Calliptamus italicus (L.) was studied and the relationship between ovarian development and temperature explored. [Methods]  Ovarian development was observed both in animals kept outdoors and in those kept at constant temperature indoors. [Results]  Results show that C. italicus ovarian development can be divided into five main stages (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅵ, Ⅴ), that stageⅡcan be subdivided into an early and end stage and stage Ⅲ into an early, middle, late and end stage. The length of ovaries grew steadily in the early and rapidly in middle and late stages, but ovarian width grew slowly during the whole process. Mating behavior occurred at the end of stage Ⅲ (70%) and stage Ⅳ (30%). Ovarian development was completed once, or twice, under constant temperatures of 26, 29, 32 and 35℃. There was a significant, negative, linear relationship between the first ovarian development duration and the second (P<0.01). Under the same temperature, the duration of early ovarian development was longer than that of later development, and the fecundity of early developed ovaries was higher than that of those that developed later. In outdoor natural conditions, ovarian development was completed 1-5 times, and fecundity was higher than that observed under constant temperature indoors. [Conclusion]  C. italicus ovarian development was completed in the middle and late stages. 23℃ was unsuitable for C. italicus ovarian development, a range of temperature of 26-35℃ was suitable, of which the most appropriate was 32℃.