麦蚜是体型小、生活周期短的变温动物，对环境温度尤其是高温的变化十分敏感。气候变暖导致的温度升高是影响麦蚜最直接和最重要的因子。本文综述了国内外有关气候变暖对麦蚜影响的野外观测、预测模型及模拟试验的研究进展。气候变暖将导致麦蚜的主要分布和为害区向高纬度地区转移；气候变暖增加了生长季的有效积温，导致麦蚜始见期、迁飞期、盛虫期等物候发生期提前；温度升高提高了麦蚜的越冬存活率，使温带地区春夏季种群数量增加；处于不同营养级的物种对温度变化的敏感性不尽相同，气候变暖可能影响麦类作物－麦蚜－天敌昆虫多营养级系统的种间互作。麦蚜的耐热性较差，气候变暖导致的高温幅度增加、持续时间延长、夜间最低温升高、极端高温幅度和频率增加等典型特征对其有深刻影响。高温的幅度、持续时间对麦蚜的存活和繁殖有显著的抑制作用；夜间变暖导致麦蚜存活线性下降，进一步恶化了日间高温对蚜虫的不利影响；极端高温事件的幅度和频率影响麦蚜的种群增长参数，不同种类麦蚜对极端高温事件的非对称响应改变了麦蚜种间的相对适合度、时间和空间上的群落结构和物种间的相对优势度。麦蚜可通过爬行和跌落等行为来缓解气候变暖造成的高温胁迫，在研究气候变暖对麦蚜影响的同时，应充分考虑麦蚜对气候变暖的适应和缓冲能力。如何人工模拟气候变暖趋势下温度的变化模式，精巧设计试验反映气候变暖主要特征，开展接近自然界变化的温度模式对麦蚜的影响和麦蚜对环境改变的适应性响应研究，将是未来该领域的主要研究方向。

     Cereal aphids have a small body size and short life cycles which make them sensitive to ambient temperature change and brief heat exposure. Temperature increases caused by global warming are therefore a key factor impacting on cereal aphids directly. This paper reviews field observations, prediction models and simulated experiments concerning the effects of global warming on cereal aphids. Warming has caused the distribution of this species to shift to higher latitudes. Increases in the effective accumulated temperature in growing seasons have advanced some stages of the aphids’ life-cycle, such as the time of first occurrence and migration. Warmer winters have increased aphids’ overwintering survivorship and led to increases in population density in temperate regions. Interspecific interactions between cereals, aphids and natural enemies may be affected by global warming due to differences between species at different trophic levels. Cereal aphids have poor heat resistance and are consequently very vulnerable to the main characteristics of warming, such as increases in temperature, heat duration, nighttime minimum temperature and the intensity and frequency of extreme events. The intensity and duration of high temperature depressed aphids’ survival and reproduction. Night warming on hot days decreased aphids’ survival and exacerbated the adverse effects of daytime high temperatures. Changes in the frequency and amplitude of extreme high temperatures altered the temporal and spatial structure of the aphid community, and these changes are driven by the asymmetric effects of high temperatures on the demographic rates and fitness of different species. Aphids were found to respond to heat stress by behavioral thermoregulation, highlighting the importance for considering the buffering effects of cereal aphids against climate warming. Future research should include how to mimic realistic temperature changes that can reflect the key characteristics of climate warming, test the effects of these on aphids’ performance and the potential adaptations of aphids to climate warming.