吸虫塔对麦长管蚜迁飞监测的影响因素分析
Factors that affect using suction traps to monitor the migration of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)
杜光青 尹 姣 曹雅忠 张 帅 李克斌**
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.179
作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：麦长管蚜，迁飞活动，吸虫塔，气象因素
英文关键词：Sitobion avenae, migration, suction trap, meteorological factors
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了明确吸虫塔对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae（Fabricius）迁飞活动监测效果的影响因素。【方法】 采用回归分析和通径分析等方法，分析田间麦长管蚜数量与吸虫塔吸捕量的相关性，分析不同气象因素对吸虫塔中麦蚜吸捕数量的影响程度。【结果】 结果显示，吸虫塔的有翅蚜吸捕量与田间麦长管蚜种群密度及有翅蚜数量存在显著的相关性，即田间麦长管蚜有翅成蚜数量对吸虫塔的吸捕量具有直接影响，而吸虫塔中麦长管蚜的吸捕量也直接反映田间有翅成蚜及种群动态的实际情况。另外，在廊坊地区，吸虫塔初期监测到的有翅麦长管蚜要比小麦田间发生的早几天。通过对吸虫塔中麦长管蚜有翅成蚜吸捕量与气象因素灰色关联度分析的结果表明，降雨天气对麦长管蚜的迁飞和种群动态具有突出的影响作用，可以造成麦长管蚜有翅成蚜迁入的“突增”和种群的“骤降”；同时温度和湿度是两个影响麦长管蚜迁飞的重要因素；在麦长管蚜的迁入初期，温度对其迁飞影响最大；在大风天气，风速也会对麦长管蚜的迁入或飞翔活动产生较大影响。【结论】 田间麦长管蚜发生数量与吸虫塔的吸捕量存在正相关；降雨、温度和风速是影响麦长管蚜迁飞活动的主要气象因素。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To test the factors that affect suction trap monitoring of winged Sitobion avenae (Fabricius). [Methods] We counted the number of winged, and non-winged, S. avenae caught in suction traps in the wheat fields for one year, and conducted regression and path analysis on these data. [Results] The results show that the number of winged S. avenae caught in suction traps was significantly correlated with the number and density of winged aphids in the field. Winged S. avenae in wheat fields also affected the number caught in suction traps. On the other hand, the number of winged S. avenae in suction traps also reflected conditions in the field. In the Langfang area, winged S. avenae appeared almost one week earlier in suction traps than in wheat fields suggesting that suction traps are a good way of monitoring this species. In order to understand how different meteorological factors impact on the immigration of winged S. avenae, we counted the number of winged S. avenae caught in suction traps in different hourly periods and correlated this with local meteorological data on temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity. We used grey incidence analysis to examine the relationship between rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity on the number of winged S. avenae caught in suction traps. The results show that rainfall can effectively reduce the migration of winged S. avenae. In the early stage of immigration, temperature impacts most seriously on the numbers of winged S. avenae, and wind velocity can also have a big effect. [Conclusion] Suction traps are a good monitoring tool for S. avenae and temperature and humidity are important factors that affect the migration of winged adults of this species.