四川小麦主栽品种对禾谷缢管蚜的抗性
Resistance of major wheat varieties to Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) in SichuanProvince
魏会廷1** 李 俊2 吴 春2 向运佳1 李朝苏2 杨武云2 汤永禄2
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.180
作者单位：1. 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，成都 610066,2. 四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室，成都 610066
中文关键词：小麦，禾谷缢管蚜，蚜量比值，千粒重损失率
英文关键词：wheat, Rhopalosiphum padi, aphid ratio, 1000-grain weight loss rate
中文摘要：
【目的】 评价四川小麦主栽品种对禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus的抗性，比较以蚜量比值为标准划分的抗性等级与千粒重损失率的一致性。【方法】 选择2000年以来四川省审定的 34个小麦主栽品种，遮雨棚内盆栽种植，在孕穗期进行罩网接蚜，利用蚜量比值方法划分抗蚜等级，在小麦成熟后测定千粒重损失率。【结果】 34个品种的抗性等级分布为中抗~高感，没有抗或高抗品种，中抗、低抗、低感、中感、感、高感等级的品种数分别为2、6、11、5、6和4个，中抗品种为川麦42和绵麦45。中抗至高感等级品种的平均千粒重损失率依次为43.6%、58.1%、60.3%、68.1%、73.5%和77.1%，川麦42（中抗）和内麦836（高感）的千粒重损失率分别为41.8%和80.7%。蚜量比值与千粒重损失率之间呈极显著的正相关，部分品种抗性等级与其千粒重损失率表现不一致，低抗品种川农16千粒重损失率为70.0%，而低感品种川麦107的千粒重损失率为52.8%。【结论】 本试验条件下，参试的四川小麦品种在中抗至高感禾谷缢管蚜等级内均有分布，且主要集中在低感范围内，具有外源遗传背景的川麦42比近源品种的整体抗性稍强。蚜量比值结合千粒重损失率进行小麦抗性等级划分的结果更加可靠。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To evaluate resistance levels of major wheat varieties to Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus inSichuanProvince, and test the consistency of resistance levels determined by aphid ratio and 1000-grain weight loss rate. [Methods] 34 major wheat varieties released after 2000 were planted in pots under cover from rain and inoculated with aphids at the booting stage. Aphid ratio was used to identify resistance levels after infection for 28 d, and the 1000-grain weight loss rate was determined after harvest. [Results] Resistance levels of the 34 varieties varied from highly susceptible (HS) to highly resistant (HR). The number of moderately resistant (MR), low resistant (LR), low susceptible (LS), moderate susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) and highly susceptible (HS) strains were 2, 6, 11, 5, 6 and 4, respectively. The resistance levels of the Chuanmai 42 and Mianmai 45 strains were higher than those of the other varieties. The average 1000-grain weight loss rates from MR to HS were 43.6%, 58.1%, 60.3%, 68.1%, 73.5% and 77.1% respectively. The 1000-grain weight loss rate of the highly resistant variety Chuanmai 42 was 41.8% compared to 80.7% for the low resistant Neimai 836 strain. There was a highly significant correlation between aphid ratio and the 1000-grain weight loss rate, but the resistance levels of some varieties, such as Chuannong16 and Chuanmai 107, were inconsistent with their 1000-grain weight loss rate. [Conclusion] Most major wheat varieties inSichuanwere categorized as LS with respect to resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi. Chuanmai 42 and related varieties that have exogenous genes displayed higher resistance levels than other strains. Aphid ratio with 1000-grain weight loss rate was a more accurate way of evaluating resistance.