短舌熊蜂耐热性研究
Measurement of the thermal resistance of Bombus terrestris L.
徐希莲1** 程 尚1, 2 王凤贺1 吴 杰3
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2014.190
作者单位：1. 北京农林科学院农业科技信息研究所，北京 100097；2. 云南农业大学，东方蜜蜂研究所，昆明 650201；3. 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，北京 100093
中文关键词：短舌熊蜂，耐热性，蛋白质，高温驯化
英文关键词：Bombus terrestris, thermo resistance, protein, high temperature acclimation
中文摘要：
【目的】 测定高温对短舌熊蜂Bombus terrestris L.个体存活率和体内总蛋白含量的影响，为熊蜂授粉应用提供理论依据。【方法】 以高温暴露致死率为耐热性的评价指标，对短舌熊蜂的工蜂幼虫，成年工蜂，成年雄蜂进行检测并对成年工蜂进行亚致死高温驯化。同时考察不同处理温度下熊蜂体内蛋白质含量变化。【结果】 结果显示，短舌熊蜂的耐热性能从高到低依次是成年工蜂、成年雄蜂、工蜂幼虫，亚致死高温驯化可显著提高成年工蜂的耐热性能。熊蜂体内蛋白质含量随着温度的升高，呈先增加后减少的趋势，熊蜂体重与体内蛋白质含量无显著相关性。【结论】 熊蜂不同虫态对高温的耐受性不同，可通过亚致死高温驯化措施来提高熊蜂的耐热性能和授粉效率。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To measure individual survival rates and the influence of protein content in Bombus spp. under different high temperature gradients, and to provide a theoretical basis for pollination by bumblebees. [Methods] Survival rates were measured to confirm the thermal resistance of B. terrestris L. larvae, adult drones, and adult workers under five high temperature gradients. The survival rate of adult workers after domestication under sub-lethal heating was also tested. [Results] The results indicate that larvae had the least thermal resistance, and adult workers the greatest. Within the range of temperatures tested, the thermal resistance of adult workers can be increased after domestication by sub-lethal heating. Different high temperature gradients had different effects on the protein content of larvae, workers and drones of B. terrestris, but the overall trend was downward. The relationship between body weight and protein content of Bombus spp. under different high temperature gradients was not significant. [Conclusion] Larvae, workers, drones of B. terrestris have different levels of thermal resistance. Domestication and exposure to sub-lethal heating before pollination can improve thermal resistance and pollination efficiency.