越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食作用
Predation of Axinoscymnus apioides Kuznetsov & Ren on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
周慧平1,2** 王兴民1 邱宝利1 吴建辉1 任顺祥1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.010
作者单位：1. 华南农业大学生物防治教育部工程研究中心，广州 510642；2. 湖南出入境检验检疫局，长沙 410004
中文关键词：越南斧瓢虫 烟粉虱 捕食作用 功能反应
英文关键词： Axinoscymnus apioides, Bemisia tabaci, predation functional response
中文摘要：
【目的】 烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)是一种外来入侵性的重大农业害虫，越南斧瓢虫Axinoscymnus apioides Kuznetsov
& Ren是其重要的捕食性天敌之一，本文系统研究了越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食作用。【方法】 在温度误差为±1℃，相对湿度为75%，光照周期为L︰D＝14︰10条件下，测定瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱各虫态的功能反应和不同温度下对烟粉虱4龄若虫的功能反应以及测定瓢虫成虫取食烟粉虱4龄若虫个体间的干扰反应。【结果】 结果表明，越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的功能反应呈HollingⅡ型，随着猎物龄期的增加，越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率（a）逐渐降低，处置时间（Th）基本依次延长。温度对瓢虫的捕食效应影响显著，试验所设温度为15，20，25，30，35 ℃，越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率（a）分别为0.3226，0.4496，0.5868，0.5788和0.6235，处置时间（Th）分别为0.2348，0.1451，0.1039，0.0904和0.0976，均与温度（T）则呈二次曲线关系。越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱4龄若虫的捕食作用率（E）在捕食者密度较低（在1~5头）时，捕食作用率下降较快，而在捕食者>6时，其对捕食作用率的影响效果减小。寻找系数为0.0607，干扰系数为0.5569。【结论】 随着猎物龄期的增加，越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率降低，处置时间延长；越南斧瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱4龄若虫的寻找效率随着温度的升高而提高，而在更高的温度条件下，其寻找效率略有下降。瓢虫对烟粉虱的处置时间则随着温度的升高而不断缩短；越南斧瓢虫成虫自身密度对其捕食作用产生干扰反应，捕食作用率随着捕食者密度的增加而降低。
英文摘要：[Objectives] The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important invasive insect pest of agricultural crops and Axinoscymnus apioides Kuznetsov & Ren is one of its important predators. The present paper presents the results of a systematic investigation of the predation of A. apioides on B. tabaci. [Methods] Under laboratory conditions of T=(29±2)℃, RH=80±5% and L︰D=14︰10, the functional response of adult A. apioides to B. tabaci of different developmental stages, and to B. tabaci 4th instar larvae at different temperatures, and the degree of mutual interference between individual ladybirds preying on B. tabaci 4th instar larvae, were studied. [Results] The functional response of adult A. apioides on different developmental stages of B. tabaci conformed to the Holling’s type II equation. The search rate (a) of A. apioides adults for the eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instars, and pupae, of B. tabaci were 1.3883, 1.1027, 0.8293, 0.5392, 0.4981 and 0.3422, respectively and the handing time (Th) of these prey items were 0.0030, 0.0169, 0.0281, 0.0368, 0.0758 and 0.0593, respectively. As shown from the model parameters, search rate decreased with handling time from egg to pupa. The search rate of adult A. apioides was highest for B. tabaci eggs and lowest for 4th instar larvae. However, handling time was highest for 4th instar larvae and lowest for B. tabaci eggs. Data indicate that the eggs of B. tabaci were the preferred prey of A. apioides. The functional response of adult A. apioides on the eggs of B. tabaci was determined at six different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃). Predation efficiency (E) varied with environmental temperature. The influence of temperature on search rate (a) and handling time (Th) can be described by the equations a=-0.3622+0.0589T-0.0009T2 and Th=0.6628-0.0382T+0.0006T2. Mutual interference between individual predators could be described by Hassell and Varleys equation. The relationship between predation ratio (E) and natural enemy density (P) was E=0.5205P0.5569. The interference coefficient (m) was 0.5569 and the search coefficient (Q) was 0.0609. [Conclusion] The search rate of adult A. apioides decreased and handling time increased with the developmental stage of prey (egg to pupa stage). Predation efficiency increased with environmental temperature to 30℃, but decreased when at environmental temperatures > 30℃. Search time was shorter when the environmental temperature was rising. Mutual interference between individual predators exists and predation efficiency decreased when the density of A. apioides increased.