烟粉虱及温室白粉虱为害后对后续粉虱种群的影响
Effect of previous infestation of tomatoes by Bemisia tabaci or Trialeurodes vaporariorum on the fitness of these whitefly species
陈春丽1, 2** 郅军锐1*** 匡先钜2 戈 峰2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.011
作者单位：1. 贵州省山地农业病虫害重点实验室，贵州大学昆虫研究所，贵阳 550025； 2. 农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，中国科学院动物研究所，北京 100101
中文关键词： B型烟粉虱, 温室白粉虱, 种群参数, 番茄介导，诱导抗性
英文关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, population parameters, interaction via host tomato, induced resistance
中文摘要：
【目的】 分析烟粉虱Bemisia
tabaci (Gennadius) 或温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)为害番茄后对后续温室白粉虱和烟粉虱生长、发育、成虫寿命和繁殖等产生的促进或抑制作用，可为明确寄主植物番茄介导的温室白粉虱-烟粉虱的种间互作，开展粉虱的科学防控提供科学依据。【方法】通过在寄主植物番茄叶片上先将B型烟粉虱或温室白粉虱按不同的顺序、时间间隔分开接种，再系统观察后续接上的两种粉虱生长、发育、繁殖等种群参数的变化。【结果】 （1）先期接上烟粉虱对后续温室白粉虱的发育、寿命、产卵量有明显的促进作用；这种作用需烟粉虱的持续诱导，若去掉烟粉虱，其对温室白粉虱的促进作用即消失；先期接上温室白粉虱可缩短后续烟粉虱伪蛹期，但温室白粉虱的持续存在不利于烟粉虱的产卵，且明显降低烟粉虱的内禀增长率和净增殖率。（2）先后在番茄上同时接上温室白粉虱可降低后续烟粉虱的单雌产卵量和雌、雄虫的成虫寿命；先后同时接种烟粉虱却显著地增加了温室白粉虱的单雌产卵量；烟粉虱的提前存在降低了后续烟粉虱单雌产卵量。（3）但两种粉虱之间作用存在着一定的时间滞后性。烟粉虱对温室白粉虱的发育、寿命、产卵量产生的促进作用大约在其卵期后的一段时间才能显现出来；温室白粉虱对烟粉虱伪蛹期的缩短作用也需提前诱导；而温室白粉虱对温室白粉虱的促进作用相当滞后，直到成虫期才显现出来。【结论】 B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱之间可通过寄主番茄产生相互影响，前期烟粉虱为害可显著促进后续温室白粉虱卵和若虫的发育，而前期温室白粉虱为害对烟粉虱的发育不利。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the interspecific interactions between Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum mediated by the tomato host-plant, specifically the effect of previous infestation of tomatoes by either B. tabaci or T. vaporariorum on the development, growth, adult longevity and female fecundity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. [Methods] Tomatoes were experimentally infested with either B. tabaci B biotype or T. vaporariorum and the subsequent development, growth, reproduction and so on of each pest species was systematically monitored. [Results] (1) Prior infestation with B. tabaci significantly improved the development, longevity, and female fecundity of T. vaporariorum, and furthermore, if B. tabaci were removed, these effects disappeared instantly. Prior infestation with T. vaporariorum significantly shortened the pupal stage of B. tabaci, but the absence of T. vaporariorum was not beneficial to the oviposition of B. tabaci, significantly reducing its intrinsic rate of natural increase and net reproductive rate. (2) Prior infestation of T. vaporariorum reduced female fecundity and adult longevity of B. tabaci but previous infestation of B. tabaci significantly increased the female fecundity of T. vaporariorum. Prior infestation by B. tabaci significantly reduced the female fecundity of B. tabaci. (3) A time delay was apparent in the above effects. The beneficial effects of prior infestation with B. tabaci on the development, longevity and fecundity of T. vaporariorum appeared after the egg stage and shortening the pupal stage of B. tabaci also required early induction. The beneficial effects of prior infestation of T. vaporariorum on T. vaporariorum were also not apparent until the adult stage. [Conclusion] B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum affect each other through their common host-plant, the tomato. Previous infestation with B. tabaci significantly promoted the development of the eggs and larvae of T. vaporariorum whereas previous infestation by T. vaporariorum was not beneficial to the development of B. tabaci.