冷藏对美洲斑潜蝇蛹期发育和生存的影响
Impact of cold storage on the pupal development and survivorship of Liriomyza sativae
张金钰1, 2** 葛 瑨2 魏佳宁2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.019
作者单位：1. 安徽大学生命科学学院，合肥 230039；2. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101
中文关键词：美洲斑潜蝇，冷藏，羽化率，发育形态，鬃毛蛹期
英文关键词： Liriomyza sativae, low-temperature storage, eclosion rate, developmental morphology, bristle stage
中文摘要： 【目的】 美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard自20世纪90年代入侵我国后已经成为蔬菜和观赏植物的重要害虫。然而，近些年该昆虫已经逐渐成为研究植物和昆虫、昆虫抗寒性和寄主适应性等热点课题的模式种类。因此，为了实验室条件下更好保藏该虫的种群，本文研究了冷藏（世代发育起点温度8℃）对该斑潜蝇蛹发育和生存的影响。【方法】 以化蛹后第3 天的蛹为实验对象，8℃低温冷藏，并以冷藏时间（0、7、14、21、28和35 d）为参试因子研究了冷藏时间对美洲斑潜蝇蛹羽化率的影响；化蛹后每24 h解剖观察一次蛹并对蛹期发育阶段进行划分；根据划分的蛹期阶段，对处理中未羽化的蛹进行解剖比对，得到对低温最敏感的蛹期。【结果】 随着冷藏时间的增长，美洲斑潜蝇的蛹羽化率逐渐降低。超过14 d后，羽化率明显下降。冷藏至35 d时羽化率为零。解剖正常发育的美洲斑潜蝇的蛹，将蛹期分为预蛹期、隐头蛹期、显头蛹初期、半透明眼期、浅黄色到琥珀色眼期、红褐色眼期、鬃毛蛹期。不同冷藏时间条件下，未羽化的蛹死亡时间主要为鬃毛蛹期，且鬃毛蛹期死亡的蛹的数量与贮藏时间呈正比例关系。【结论】在室内冷藏美洲斑潜蝇时，3日龄蛹8℃贮藏少于14 d为宜；鬃毛蛹期（10~11日龄蛹）对低温比较敏感，冷藏过程中，应避免鬃毛蛹期的蛹。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, the vegetable leafminer, has been an important insect pest of vegetables and ornamentals since it was introduced in China in the1990’s and has also become a model for the study of plant-insect interactions, cold tolerance, and host adaptation. To improve its captive husbandry, we studied the effect of cold storage at its developmental threshold (8℃) on pupal development and survivorship. [Methods] Three-day pupae of L. sativae were collected and stored at 8℃ and the effect of different periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) of cold storage on pupal development and survivorship monitored. The morphology of developing pupae was observed by dissection at 24 h intervals and pupae were categorized to different development stages on the basis of morphology. In order to determine the causes of mortality, we dissected and compared dead pupae from pupal stage and treatment. [Results] Eclosion rates decreased with the duration of cold storage. Emergence rates significantly declined after 14 days, and fell to zero on day 35. Pupal development was divided into 7 stages; the prepupal, cryptocephalic, early phanerocephalic, yellow-eyed, amber, red-eyed, and bristle stages. We found that most mortality occurred in the bristle stage, and that the percentage of dead pupae increased with duration of cold storage. [Conclusion] The optimal duration of cold storage for pupae was <14 days at 8℃ and the bristle stage of pupal development is the most sensitive to cold temperature.