早竹林内蝇类多样性动态及其影响因子分析
Dynamics and impact factor analysis of fly species diversity in Phyllostachys violascens stands
程小飞1** 李华荣1 田青英2 朱卫兵3 袁登荣2 刘国华1 王福升1 黄伟量1 时培建1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.024
作者单位：1. 南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京林业大学竹类研究所，南京 210037；2. 南京市园艺技术推广站，南京 210036； 3. 中国科学院上海昆虫博物馆，上海 200032
中文关键词： β多样性，Shannon-Wiener指数，空间变量，环境变量，变异分解
英文关键词：Key words β diversity, Shannon-Wiener index, spatial variable, environmental variable, variation partitioning
中文摘要：【目的】 早竹是一种重要的笋用竹种，人工经营的早竹林出笋率高、经济价值大。然而一些蝇类寄生于早竹笋内，导致竹笋品质降低、竹林退笋率增加。通过研究早竹林内蝇类种群动态和物种多样性，为科学防治笋蝇提供依据，以降低早竹笋的退笋率，增加竹笋产量，提高早竹种植的经济效益。【方法】 采用黄板诱捕法调查早竹林内蝇类的多样性，运用多元线性回归分析了环境因子对蝇类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的影响；并使用变异分解的方法分析了空间变量和环境变量对蝇类 β 多样性的影响。【结果】 研究结果显示：在早竹林内共诱捕到的蝇类有8科10种，其中竹笋绒茎蝇Chyliza bambusae、江苏泉蝇Pegomyia kiangsuensis、横带花蝇Anthomyia illocata、常齿股蝇Hydrotaea dentipes、黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteata是早竹林内的优势物种；黄板周围1.5 m范围内成竹数量和幼笋数量对蝇类的多样性有显著性影响，早竹林内蝇类的物种多样性随着成竹数量的增加而降低；空间变量单独对蝇类β多样性的解释量为8.54%，环境变量单独解释的量为28.84%，两者共同解释的量为10.46%，不能被环境变量和空间变量解释的量为52.16%。【结论】 本研究展示了早竹林内蝇类多样性变动的动态，并阐释了蝇类多样性的主要影响因子，对于竹林害虫的综合治理、提高竹笋产量具有现实和理论意义。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Phyllostachys violascens is an important bamboo species that can produce abundant edible bamboo shoots. However, some fly species parasitize bamboo shoots, leading to degraded shoot quality and yield decrease. The objectives of this study were to study the population dynamics and species diversity of flies in P. violascens stands. It can provide necessary biological knowledge for scientifically controlling these flies. Thus, this study is valuable for improving the shoot quality and output of artificially cultivated P. violascens. [Methods] The diversity of flies in P. violascens stands was investigated using yellow sticky traps. The effects of environmental factors on the Shannon-Wiener index of the fly community were analyzed using the multiple linear regression. In addition, the method of variation partitioning was employed to analyze the β diversity caused by environmental and spatial variables. [Results] Ten species of flies from 8 families were identified in P. violascens stands in the Dajingshan forest farm, among which Chyliza bambusae, Pegomyia kiangsuensis, Anthomyia illocata, Hydrotaea dentipes and Episyrphus balteata were the dominant species. The number of adult bamboos and that of young bamboo shoots within a radius of 1.5 m around yellow sticky traps had a significant influence on the species diversity of flies; diversity declined with increasing number of adult bamboos. Total variation of the species matrix can be partitioned as follows: spatial species variation not shared by the environmental variables comprised, 8.54%, non-spatial environmental variation, 28.84%, spatially structured environmental variation, 10.46%, and unexplained variation and stochastic fluctuations, 52.16%. [Conclusion] This study revealed the temporal dynamics of flies in P. violascens stands and illustrated the main factors affecting the species diversity of flies. These results have both practical and theoretical implications for increasing the production of bamboo shoots and also for the integrated management of the insect pests of bamboo.