菜豆田叶螨及天敌复合生态系统群落组成及其主成分分析
Community component and principal component analysis of the complex ecosystem of spider mites and their natural enemies in bean fields
蔡仁莲** 金道超*** 郭建军 乙天慈 王佳琳
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.026
作者单位：贵州大学昆虫研究所，贵州山地农业病虫害重点实验室，贵阳 550025
中文关键词： 菜豆，叶螨，天敌，复合生态系统，主成分分析
英文关键词： Phaseolus vulgaris, spider mite, natural enemy, complex ecosystem, principal component analysis
中文摘要：
【目的】 叶螨对贵州省菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris的危害日趋严重，为明确菜豆田叶螨及其天敌群落结构特征，对菜豆田叶螨防治提供依据。【方法】 于2013年5月至8月对菜豆田叶螨及其天敌进行系统调查，应用群落特征参数、主成分分析法及评价函数对其群落特征、时间格局及群落稳定性进行了研究。【结果】 菜豆田叶螨及天敌共有7目11科21种，其中：叶螨4种，优势种为二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch；捕食性天敌17种，优势种为南方小花蝽Orius similis Zheng。菜豆叶螨及天敌复合系统群落的多样性和均匀度随着植株的生长不断增加，但在植株生长盛期随着二斑叶螨个体数的剧增而下降，在菜豆生育中后期，由于复合生态系统中物种丰富、个体数发生量大，多样性指数和均匀度指数又呈上升趋势。对各时期复合程度的评价表明，中后期复合程度高，初期和末期复合程度低。【结论】 复合系统中捕食性天敌对叶螨的控制作用大，优势种天敌表现出一定的跟随效应。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To understand the community component and structure of spider mites, important pests of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris, and their natural enemies in Phaseolus vulgaris fields, and to improve methods for controlling spider mites. [Methods] From May to August 2013, systematic investigations were conducted in bean fields. Community character index and principal components were analyzed, and evaluation functions established to study the characters, temporal pattern, and stability of the insect community. [Results] 21 species, from 11 families and 7 orders, were identified in bean fields, of which Tetranychus urticae Koch and Orius similis Zheng were the dominant species. Species diversity and evenness increased gradually with crop age, but declined following an increase in the number of T. urticae which was much higher in the middle and later periods of bean crop development than in the early and last periods. Complexity was higher in the middle and later growth period than in the early and late stages. [Conclusion] Natural enemies have a great influence on this complex ecosystem. Population increases of natural enemies lagged behind those of T. urticae.