【目的】 深入了解蜜蜂哺育蜂与采集蜂行为转变机制，寻找与之相关的调控因子。【方法】 我们随机选取了5群意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica，分别采集相应的哺育蜂和采集蜂。利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）对哺育蜂和采集蜂头部中的mrjp1、Ache、CSP3、Dop1等22个基因的表达进行了分析。【结果】 实验结果表明：mrjp2、mrjp4、mrjp6、mrjp7、LOC406114、Hbg3、Ef-1a-f1、Obp3、Wat、Oa1、TpnT 在意大利蜜蜂哺育蜂和采集蜂头部表达差异极显著( P<0.01 ), mrjp1、mrjp3、Ache、LOC406142、Mblk-1、TpnCIIIa、Ant、CSP3、Dop1、Jhe、Per 在意大利蜜蜂哺育蜂和采集蜂头部表达差异显著( 0.01<P<0.05 )。【结论】 mrjp1、mrjp2、mrjp3、mrjp4、mrjp6、mrjp7、Ache、LOC406142、LOC406114、Hbg3、Mblk-1、Ef-1a-f1、TpnCIIIa、Wat、Ant、Obp3、CSP3、Dop1、Jhe、Oa1、Per、TpnT 这22个基因可能与哺育蜂和采集蜂的行为转变有关。该实验结果为更好的认识蜜蜂行为转变的机制提供了思路，同时为蜜蜂分子水平上的研究积累了数据。

To examine the mechanism underlying in behavioral transition between nurses and foragers in Apis mellifera ligustica, and identify factors that may be associated with that transition. [Methods]  We analyzed 22 genes from the heads of nurses and foragers of A. mellifera ligustica and extracted total RNAs from these two kinds of worker bees. The Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect differential gene expression between nurses and foragers. [Results]  The results show that expression of the following genes; mrjp2, mrjp4, mrjp6, mrjp7, LOC406114, Hbg3, Ef-1a-f1, Obp3, Wat, Oa1, and TpnT,  was significantly different between nurses and foragers (P<0.01). Other genes; mrjp1, mrjp3, Ache, LOC406142, Mblk-1, TpnCIIIa, Ant, CSP3, Dop1, Jhe,  and Per,  were also differentially expressed, but the difference in their expression was not as statistically significant as in the previous group of genes (0.01<P<0.05). [Conclusion]  These 22 differentially expressed genes may play an important role in the behavioral transition between nurses and foragers. These results help us understand the mechanism underlying this transition and may help identify the transitional mechanism responsible for the division of labor in honeybees.