进境熊蜂风险分析
The risk analysis of the imported bumblebees
张体银** 陈 艳 张伯强 黄嫦娇 林素洁
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.037
作者单位：福建出入境检验检疫局，福建省检验检疫技术研究重点实验室，福州 350001
中文关键词：进境熊蜂，风险分析，危害物，生物入侵
英文关键词： imported bumblebees, risk analysis, hazaeds, biological invasion
中文摘要：
【目的】 对进境熊蜂所带来的病虫害、生物入侵等一系列风险进行分析，为制定相应的检疫措施提供科学依据。【方法】 本文根据新西兰风险分析模型，从传入释放的可能性、定殖和扩散的可能性以及对经济和生态的潜在危害性3个方面对进境熊蜂进行风险分析。【结果】 熊蜂孢子虫 Apicystis bombi、熊蜂短膜虫Crithidia bombi、熊蜂微孢子虫Nosema bombi、布赫纳蝗螨Locustacurus buchneri、寄生蜂Melittobia acasta和蜂巢小甲虫Aethina tumida 6种病虫害能给国内熊蜂带来较高的风险，同时引进非本地种熊蜂也可能带来生物入侵问题。【结论】 进境熊蜂能带来一定的风险，需要制定相应的风险管理措施。
英文摘要：[Objectives] This paper attempts to assess the risk, including that of introducing parasites, epidemic diseases and biological invasion, associated with the importation of bumblebees, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating quarantine measures. [Methods] Taking into account the probability of invasion, colonization and the dissemination of parasites and epidemic diseases in China, and the potential harmfulness of these for the economy and ecology, a risk analysis of imported bumblebees was conducted based on the risk analysis model used in New Zealand. [Results] The importation of Apicystis bombi, Crithidia bombi, Nosema bombi, Locustacurus buchneri, Melittobia acasta and Aethina tumida poses significant risks of introducing new pests and diseases to Chinese bumblebees and introduced exotic bumblebees could establish feral colonies in China. [Conclusion] The importation of bumblebees carries a series of risks requiring the development and implementation of relevant risk management measures.