低温和变温诱导对飞蝗胚胎发育的影响
Effects of low and changing temperatures on embryonicdevelopment in the migratory locust
马国兰1, 2** 徐玲玲2 唐国文1*** 陈 兵2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.046
作者单位：1. 云南农业大学植物保护学院，昆明 650201；2. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理国家重点实验室，北京 100101
中文关键词：飞蝗，低温诱导，变温，滞育，胚胎发育
英文关键词：Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus), low temperature induction, changing temperatures, diapause, embryonic development
中文摘要：
【目的】 飞蝗Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus)是我国乃至全世界广泛发生的重要农业害虫，其种群暴发会给农作物造成重大为害和减产。飞蝗种群发生动态受低温及变温的影响，但低温和变温如何作用于胚胎发育和是否诱导胚胎滞育的发生，目前尚不清楚。【方法】 本文在对飞蝗胚胎发育特点观察鉴定的基础上，研究了胚胎发育中期恒定低温诱导、诱导后恢复、发育中期变温诱导及发育早期低温诱导等条件对胚胎发育进程的影响。【结果】 研究发现，胚胎发育起点温度下非致死温度7.5℃处理促使胚胎发育历期变异增加，而25~30℃高温下胚胎发育整齐。7.5℃处理时间长短对胚胎发育影响不明显，但该低温培育时间长短影响后期常温下的胚胎发育，即7.5℃下长期低温可能促进25℃或30℃下的胚胎的发育。25℃以下变温温度影响胚胎发育进展，但影响胚胎发育的限制因子主要是发育起点以上温度。【结论】 因此，温度作为单一环境因子，其特定的低温和变温处理不仅没有诱导胚胎滞育的发生，反而促进后期胚胎在常温下的发育。本研究结果对揭示温度变化对个体发育和种群动态影响及预测飞蝗种群发生有重要的指导 意义。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus) is one of the most important agricultural pest in the world, including China. Outbreaks of this pest have caused great damage and crop loss. The population dynamics of the migratory locust are affected by low temperature and temperature fluctuation. However, the mechanism underlying these effects, i.e., how temperature factors affect embryonic development and whether they induce embryonic diapause, remain poorly understood. [Methods] In this paper, we first investigated the characteristics of embryos at different developmental stages. We then examined the effects on embryonic development of low temperature induction, with or without recovery, temperature fluctuation, and exposure to low temperature at an early stage of development. [Results] The results show that, in contrast to the effects of exposure to 25-30℃, exposure to non-lethal low temperature 7.5℃ resulted in increased variation in the developmental duration of embryonic stages. The duration of exposure at 7.5℃ didn’t influence embryonic development at the time of exposure, but did post-exposure. In other words, low temperature induction facilitated embryonic development at 25℃ or 30℃ after induction. Fluctuation of temperature below 25℃ influenced embryo development. However, the key limiting factor for embryo development was that temperature remained above the threshold for normal developmental. [Conclusions] Low and changing temperatures do not induce the occurrence of diapause. Temperature treatments promote embryonic development post-treatment. These results have important implications for the role of temperature changes in organismal development, population dynamics and outbreak prediction.