双尾新小绥螨的形态特征及捕食性功能
The morphology and predatory behavior of the mite Neoseiulus bicaudus
王振辉1** 李永涛1 李 婷1 陆宴辉2 张建萍1*** 徐学农2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.067
作者单位：1. 石河子大学农学院，石河子 832003；植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100193
中文关键词：双尾新小绥螨，形态特征，生物习性，捕食能力
英文关键词：Neoseiulus bicaudus, morphological characteristics, biological characteristics, predation capability
中文摘要：
【目的】 通过对新疆本地捕食螨双尾新小绥螨Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein的形态学特征观察及其对新疆农作物上两种重要害螨的捕食量测定，为该捕食螨的保护、研究、扩繁和释放提供理论基础。【方法】 在实验室（26±1）℃，RH60%，16L︰8D条件下，借助显微成像系统观察其各个螨态形态特征及生物学习性；定量小室饲养技术对不同密度下对新疆两种重要害螨各螨态的捕食量进行研究。 【结果】 双尾新小绥螨有卵、幼螨、第一若螨、第二若螨和成螨5个螨态，嗜好阴暗条件，活动范围小，通过有性生殖进行繁殖，有多次交配行为，产卵方式为单产；单头双尾新小绥螨雌成螨每日对截形叶螨Tetranychus truncatus卵和幼螨的捕食量（106.8粒/日•雌和45.4头/日•雌）要显著大于土耳其斯坦叶螨Tetranychus turkestani（64.4粒/日•雌和39.4头/日•雌），而对两种叶螨的若螨和成螨捕食量无明显差异。【结论】 本研究表明双尾新小绥螨对土耳其斯坦叶螨和截形叶螨的卵和幼螨的捕食较对若螨和成螨的效果好，对新疆害螨有一定控制能力。
英文摘要：[Objectives] To provide a theoretical basis for the protection, breeding and release of the native predatory mite N. bicaudus. [Methods] A microscopic imaging system was used to observe the biological and morphological characteristics of different developmental stages of N. bicaudus, and the quantity cell feeding technique was used to test its predatory ability with respect to two species of pest mites under conditions of (26±1)℃、RH60%、16L︰8D in a laboratory. [Results] N. bicaudus had five developmental stages; egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. N. bicaudus preferred shade and had a small range of activity. They propagated their species by sexual reproduction and mated multiple times. The eggs were laid singly. Predation on the eggs and larvae of T. truncatus (106.8 grain/day•female and 45.4 head/day•female) was higher than on those of T. turkestani (64.4 grain/day•female and 39.4 head/day•female); but there were no significant differences in predation on the nymphs and adults of these species. [Conclusion] N. bicaudus preys more on the eggs and larvae of T. turkestani and T. truncatus than on nymphs and adults, and has the potential to control these pest mites in Xinjiang.