寄主植物对乌桕黄毒蛾取食量及生长发育的影响
Effects of host plants on food consumption and development of Euproctis bipunctapex (Hampson) (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae)
苏 超1, 2** 景 军1, 2 王猛猛1 方 燕1 李 恺1, 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.080
作者单位：1. 华东师范大学生命科学学院，上海 200241；2. 浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，上海 200241
中文关键词：乌桕黄毒蛾，取食量，生长发育，寄主植物，植物保护
英文关键词：Euproctis bipunctapex (Hampson), food consumption, development, host plants, plant protection
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究乌桕黄毒蛾Euproctis bipunctapex（Hampson）对5种不同科寄主植物（天仙果Ficus erecta var. beecheyana、拐枣Hovenia acerba、苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla、杨梅Myrica rubra和杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens）叶片的取食量以及不同寄主植物对乌桕黄毒蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。 【方法】在恒定条件[温度(26±1)℃，相对湿度80%，光周期12L︰12D]下，设置5个处理组，每处理分别投喂不同寄主植物叶片，测定取食量、幼虫历期、存活率、繁殖力等指标。【结果】 乌桕黄毒蛾对不同寄主植物的取食量差异显著，苦槠饲喂组最高（2 588.15 mg），杜英饲喂组最低（1 971.33 mg）；但对不同植物的日取食量总体趋势相同，随时间呈指数增长，4龄起进入暴食期，4龄、5龄和6龄幼虫取食量占总取食量的80.68%~85.91%。取食不同寄主植物的乌桕黄毒蛾生长发育差异显著，天仙果饲喂组的个体幼虫历期（34.35 d）最短，存活率（60.20%）最高，产卵量（281.33粒/雌）最多，而杜英饲喂组的个体幼虫历期（41.36d）最长，存活率（38.78%）最低，产卵量（215.83粒/雌）较少。【结论】 乌桕黄毒蛾虫害防治适期是4龄之前，苦槠和杨梅受乌桕黄毒蛾取食最多，天仙果是乌桕黄毒蛾生长发育的最适寄主植物。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To study the effects of five host plants Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, Hovenia acerba, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Myrica rubra and Elaeocarpus decipiens on food consumption and development of Euproctis bipunctapex (Hampson) (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae). [Methods] Set five research groups under constant conditions[ (26±1)℃, 80% RH, photoperiod 12︰12], each groups larvae were fed on different host plants leaves. Indicators such as food consumption, larvae duration, survival rate, fecundity et al. were determined. [Results] There were significant food consumption differences on Euproctis bipunctapex larvae which were fed on different host plants. The larvae fed on C. sclerophylla had the most food consumption (2 588.15 mg), and those fed on E. decipiens had the least food consumption (1 971.33 mg). But the overall trends of daily food consumption to different host plants were the same, they increased exponentially with time. Larvae food consumption increased dramatically from the 4th instar, and the food consumption of the last three stages took 80.68%-85.91% of the total food consumption. There were also significant differences on the development and fecundity among the larvae fed on different host plants. The larvae fed on F. erecta var. beecheyana had the shortest larvae duration (34.35 d), the highest larvae survival rate (60.20%) and the largest egg number laid per female (281.33). While the larvae duration (41.36 d) was the longest, total survival rate (38.78%) was the lowest, and the egg number laid per female (215.83) was the second least when being fed on E. decipiens. [Conclusion] Previous 4th instar of E. bipunctapex is the critical period of pest management. C. sclerophylla and M. rubra are suffered most, the food consumption are high. And F. erecta var. beecheyana is the most suitable host plant for E. bipunctapex.