湖北白背飞虱种群消长与迁飞动态
Population fluctuation and migration dynamics of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) in Hubei
范淑琴** 翟保平***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.096
作者单位：南京农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，昆虫信息生态研究室，南京 210095
中文关键词：白背飞虱，种群消长，中小尺度虫源地，轨迹分析
英文关键词： Sogatella furcifera, migration dynamics, mesoscale source areas, trajectory analysis
中文摘要：湖北省是我国水稻的主产区之一，位居稻飞虱发生的北界，也是回迁时的起始站，是整个迁飞链条中的重要环节。明确这里稻飞虱的发生消长和迁飞动态，可为预测预报提供科学依据。【方法】 利用NOAA的轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT和气象制图工具GrADS分析总结湖北稻区2000—2013年间白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (WBPH)的发生情况和中小尺度虫源地分布及迁出降落区的分布，并分析白背飞虱迁飞降落的气象条件。【结论】 (1) 白背飞虱发生程度较重的年份，其上灯虫量较高且始见期也相对提前，可作为大发生预测的有效指标。(2) 湖北地区白背飞虱虫源地大部分分布在湖南、贵州、重庆，也有部分白背飞虱来自于广西地区。(3) 秋季大部分白背飞虱借助东北气流回迁至湖南、重庆和贵州，在气流比较强盛之时，湖北稻区的飞虱可以直接到达广西稻区和云南稻区，甚至可以直接降落至越南北部。(4) 低空急流有利于白背飞虱的远距离飞行，风切变、气旋、降雨此类气象条件极易造成白背飞虱的集中降落。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Hubei Province ( 29°05′N-33°20′N，108°21′E-116°07′E ) is situated in central China and is one of China’s major rice producing areas. This province is the northern boundary of the distribution, and the turning point for the return migration, of the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (WBPH). It is therefore an important link in the migration chain of this species. Understanding the population fluctuations and migration dynamics of the WBPH in Hubei will provide useful information for forecasting outbreaks of this pest. [Methods] The annual fluctuations and distribution within mesoscale source areas of immigrant populations, and the destination areas of emigrating populations of the WBPH, were studied by trajectory analysis using NOAA’s HYSPLIT based on the daily light-trap catches from 2000 to 2013. Migration processes were analyzed by GrADS using NCEP-NCAR to reanalyze the data. [Conclusion] (1) Light-trap catches of WBPH are a sensitive index for forecasting outbreaks of the WBPH, and the first appearance of WBPHs in light-traps should be earlier in outbreak years. (2) Simulations of migration trajectories during major migration events from 2000 to 2013 indicated that most immigrants to Hubei came from Hunan, Guizhou and Chongqing, with some from Guangxi. (3) In autumn, most individuals emigrated to Hunan, Chongqing and Guizhou via the northeast airflow. When the wind speed was higher, WBPH could migrate directly from Hubei to Guangxi and Yunnan, and a few could even reach northern Vietnam. (4) The low level jet-stream is a strong conveyer for long distance migrants, and landfall by large numbers of these pests can be caused by wind shear, cyclone and heavy rainfall.