短星翅蝗生物学与生态学特性研究
Biological and ecological characteristics of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov (Orthoptera: Catantopidae)
魏淑花1** 黄文广2 张 蓉1*** 高立原1 于 钊2 朱猛蒙1
点击：1781次 下载：25次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.120
作者单位：1．宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所，银川 750002；2．宁夏草原工作站，银川 750002
中文关键词： 短星翅蝗，生活史，形态特征，食性，食量，发育起点温度，有效积温
英文关键词：Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov, life history, morphological characteristics, host selection, consumption, developmental threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature
中文摘要：
【目的】 系统研究短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov的生活史、形态特征、食性、食量、发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温等生物学和生态学特性。【方法】 田间和室内相结合，利用笼罩供食法进行各项试验和有效积温法则等相关方法计算结果。【结果】 短星翅蝗1年发生1代，以卵在土中越冬。竖年6月中旬开始孵化出土，7月上旬为孵化出土盛期。8月上旬始见成虫，8月下旬开始交配产卵，9月上、中旬为产卵盛期；喜食冷蒿Artemisia frigida、星毛委陵菜Potentilla acaulis、阿尔泰狗哇花Heteropappus altaicus，少食胡枝子Lespedeza bicolor，偶食猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia，不食长茅草Stipa bungeana、赖草Leymus secalinus、稗草Echinochloa crusgalli等禾本科植物；食量和近似消化力均随着龄期的增长而增大，雌成虫显著高于雄成虫；在18～33℃的温度范围内，各龄期的发育历期均随着温度的升高而缩短。高温和低温均不利于短星翅蝗生长发育，若虫在13℃温度下不能蜕皮发育，成虫在18℃温度下不能交配产卵， 33℃下的产卵前期比28℃下延长5 d。【结论】 系统掌握了短星翅蝗的生物学与生态学特性，将丰富其测报参数，为优化其监测预警技术提供依据。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To systematically study the biological and ecological characteristics of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov, including life history, morphological characteristics, host selection, daily food ingestion, developmental duration, developmental threshold and effective accumulated temperature. [Methods] By a combination of field and laboratory research，including providing C. abbreviatus with food in captivity. Experimental results were calculated based on the law of effective accumulative temperature. [Results] This locust species had only one generation per year, and overwintered as eggs in soil. Eggs began to hatch in the second ten days of June of the following year, with the hatching peak in the first ten days of July. Adults occurred in the first ten days of August, and the peak period of laying occurred from the first ten days to the latter part of the second ten days of September. C. abbreviatus prefered feeding on Artemisia frigida, Potentilla acaulis and Potentilla acaulis, but fed relatively little on Lespedeza bicolor, and only occasionally on Artemisia scoparia. It did not feed at all on Stipa bungeana, Leymus secalinus and Echinochloa crusgalli. Consumption and approximate digestion increased with age, and were significantly higher in female adults than in males. The developmental duration of every stage reduced with increasing temperature from 18℃ to 33℃. Excessively high or low temperatures were unfavorable to survival. Nymphs could not molt at 13℃, and adults could not mate or lay eggs at 18℃.. However, the preoviposition period at 33℃ was 5 d longer than that at 28℃. [Conclusion] The information obtained on the biological and ecological characteristics of C. abbreviatus should improve the forecast parameters for pest and provide a better basis for developing effective monitoring and early warning systems.