光周期和温度对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫出土及病菌感染的影响
Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the emergence, behavior and pathogen infection of Carposina sasakiiMatsumura
赵 楠1, 2** 郭婷婷2 于 毅2 张思聪2 门兴元2 孙廷林2 许永玉1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.132
作者单位：1. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018；2. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省植物病毒学重点实验室，济南 250100
中文关键词：桃小食心虫，越冬幼虫，出土率，出土规律，感染率
英文关键词：Carposina sasakii, overwintering larva, occurence rate, occurence regularity, infection rate
中文摘要：【目的】 桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura越冬代是田间防治的重点，明确光周期和温度对越冬幼虫出土的影响，对桃小食心虫预测预报和综合防治具有重要意义。【方法】 在实验室条件下，设置不同光周期和温度组合，每天记录桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的出土数量、病菌感染率。【结果】 桃小食心虫越冬幼虫出土时间差异很大，最短20 d，最长可达116 d，且出土时间分散。温度对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的出土率有显著影响（2011, df=3, F=9.9, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=5.519, P<0.05），试验光周期对其出土率无显著影响（2011, df=2, F=0.577, P>0.05; 2012, df=2, F=9.9, P>0.05），桃小食心虫在不同温度下出土规律不同。桃小食心虫越冬幼虫白僵菌感染率随着温度升高而显著提高（2011, df=3, F=65.713, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=29.198, P<0.05），细菌感染率随着温度升高而显著降低（2011, df=3, F=28.705, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=38.97, P<0.05）。【结论】 桃小食心虫越冬代幼虫出土持续时间长，出土时间分散，温度对其出土率及病菌感染率有显著影响。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Because the survival rate of overwintering Carposina sasakii Matsumura larvae determines the population size in the following year, controlling larvae is vital for the effective control of this pest in the field. Photoperiod and temperature had great effects on the survival and emergence of overwintering larvae after termination of diapause, and understanding of these effects will help improve comprehensive control in the field. [Methods] The emergence and pathogen infection rate of overwintering C. sasakii larvae were monitored under different temperatures and photoperiods under laboratory conditions. [Results] Overwintering larvae were present for between 20 and 116 days. Although temperature had an obvious effect on the the larval emergence rate (2011, df=3, F=9.9, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=5.519, P<0.05), photoperiod did not (2011, df=2, F=0.577, P>0.05; 2012, df=2, F=9.9, P>0.05). The rate of infection of larvae with Beauveria bassiana significantly increased with temperature (2011, df=3, F=65.713, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=29.198, P<0.05), but the rate of infection by bacteria was significantly reduced (2011, df=3, F=28.705, P<0.05; 2012, df=3, F=38.97, P<0.05). [Conclusion] Overwintering C. sasakii larvae were present for a relatively long time with no obvious peak of abundance. Temperature had a significant effect on larval abundance and the rate of infection by B.bassiana.