智利小植绥螨对茄子二斑叶螨控制效果研究
Biological control of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) by the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on eggplant
宫亚军** 王泽华 王 甦 朱 亮 石宝才 魏书军***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.134
作者单位：北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所，北京 100097
中文关键词：智利小植绥螨，二斑叶螨，生物防治，益害比，增殖率
英文关键词：Phytoseiulus persimilis, Tetranychus urticae, biological control, release rate, reproduction rate
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确智利小植绥螨Phytoseiulus persimilis对茄子上二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制效果，探索智利小植绥螨控制茄子二斑叶螨的最优释放数量。【方法】 在1︰10、1︰30和1︰50不同益害比及10、30和60头/叶二斑叶螨不同猎物密度下，研究了智利小植绥螨捕食二斑叶螨的效果以及智利小植绥螨的增殖率。【结果】 随智利小植绥螨释放比例的提高，防治效率明显提高，益害比1︰10、1︰30和1︰50的防效分别在释放后第14、22和26天达100%；在不同猎物密度下，按益害比1︰30释放智利小植绥螨，防效均随时间延长而提高，且6 d后不同猎物密度下防效差异不明显，第20天时3种密度下的防效均达100%，表明其捕食作用受到益害比影响较大而受猎物密度影响不明显。随着捕食螨释放比例的降低和二斑叶螨密度的提高，智利小植绥螨的增殖率增加，在益害比为1︰50、二斑叶螨种群密为60头/叶时，智利小植绥螨的最高增殖率分别达643%和893%，表明智利小植绥螨具有较高的种群增殖力。【结论】 智利小植绥螨对茄子二斑叶螨具有较好的防控效果，推荐在二斑叶螨发生早期时按益害比1︰10~1︰30释放智利小植绥螨，以保证较快的防控效果和较少的捕食螨释放量。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To evaluate the effectiveness of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis as a biological control for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on eggplant at different release rates and prey densities. [Methods] The biological control effectiveness and reproductive rate of P. persimilis were investigated under different release ratios, (predator: prey) 1︰10, 1︰30 and 1︰50, and T. urticae population densities, 10/leaf, 30/leaf and 60/leaf. [Results] All three release ratios achieved 100% mortality of T. urticae after 14, 22 and 26 days, respectively. The effectiveness of P. persimilis as a biological control also improved with time at different densities of T. urticae; there was no significant difference in the number of surviving T. urticae after 6 d and 100% mortality was achieved after 20 days irrespective of the original prey density. This suggests that the predatory efficiency of P. persimilis is influenced by predator-prey ratio but not by prey density. The reproductive rate of P. persimilis was greater at lower release rates and higher T. urticae densities, reaching a peak value of 643% at the release rate of 1︰50, and 893% at a T. urticae density of 60/leaf. [Conclusion] Our results indicate that P. persimilis is an effective biological control agent for the two-spotted spider mite on eggplant. We recommend the early release of the P. persimilis when the density of T. urticae is low. A predator/prey ratio of 1︰10-1︰30 appears sufficient to obtain high mortality of T. urticae with the release of relatively few P. persimilis.