黄褐幕枯叶蛾生殖行为研究和林间引诱试验
Reproductive behavior of Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky and the relative effectiveness of different attractants in the field
武玉洁1** 刘志雄1 张金桐1*** 陈旭鹏1 郝爱忠2 李建兵3
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.135
作者单位：1. 山西农业大学化学生态研究所，太谷 030801；2. 山西省林业有害生物防治检疫站，太原 030012；3. 山西省大同市阳高县森林病虫害防治检疫站，大同 038100
中文关键词： 黄褐幕枯叶蛾，羽化，性行为，性引诱
英文关键词：Malacosoma neustria testacea, eclosion, sexual behavior, sexual attractant
中文摘要：【目的】 为探索一种高效、无污染的防治黄褐幕枯叶蛾Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky（Lepidoptera：Lasiocampidae）的方法，本文对其生殖生物学特征进行了研究。【方法】 本试验于2013年和2014年期间通过室外笼内人工饲养和野外调查相结合，观察黄褐幕枯叶蛾的生殖行为学特征。 【结果】 黄褐幕枯叶蛾羽化期40 d左右，羽化高峰在6月19日―7月03日，日羽化高峰期在17:00―19:00，雌雄平均性比为1︰(1.19±0.07)，未交配雌雄成虫的平均寿命分别为（4.13±0.142）d和（4.57±0.035）d，雄蛾的寿命高于雌蛾。在凌晨0:00―3:00均能观察到雌蛾有明显的求偶行为。成虫交尾高峰在凌晨2:30左右，1日龄的成虫交尾率最高（61.67%±2.89%），随着日龄的增加成虫的交尾行为逐渐减弱。交尾持续时间最短为20 min，最长可达135 min。林间诱蛾实验中，未交配雄蛾和空白对照都没有引诱到成虫，1~6日龄未交配雌蛾均能引诱到雄虫，且1日龄未交配雌蛾诱蛾量最大，凌晨2:00―3:00是诱蛾高峰期；凌晨1:30未交配雌蛾性腺提取物的引诱量最大，1日龄未交配雌蛾性腺提取物对雄蛾的引诱效果最佳。 【结论】本试验的研究结果为利用昆虫性信息素防治黄褐幕枯叶蛾奠定了基础。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To study the reproductive behavior of this pest in order to develop effective and environmentally friendly prevention and control methods for it. [Methods] The reproductive behavior of Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschulsky were studied under laboratory conditions, and in the field, in 2013 and 2014. [Results] The emergence period was about 40 days in duration and the peak time of eclosion occurred between June 19th and July 3rd. Peak daily emergence occurred between 17: 00 to 19: 00. The mean sex ratio of females to males was 1︰(1.19±0.07). The average lifespan of virgin females was (4.13±0.142) days, which was shorter than that of unmated males (4.57±0.035)d. Calling behavior occurred between 00:00 and 03:00 and the mating peak at 02:30. The highest mating rate was observed in 1-day-old adults (61.67%±2.89%) and decreased gradually with female age. The duration of mating varied from 20 min to 135 min. In field experiments, no adults were trapped using unmated male moths or a blank control as attractants, whereas males were attracted by virgin females of different ages. More males were trapped between 02:00 and 03:00, and 1 d old females attracted more males than females of other ages. The highest number of male moths was captured at 01:30, using crude extract of virgin female glands as the attractant. The crude gland extract of 1-day-old virgin females had the highest attractiveness to adult males but that from females of other ages also had some attractiveness. [Conclusion] The results of this study lay a foundation for the application of insect sex pheromones to the prevention and control of M. neustria testacea..