酿酒葡萄园区绿盲蝽种群动态与监测技术
The population dynamics and monitoring of Apolygus lucorum in vineyards
高素红1, 2** 路常宽1*** 赵春明1 王 硕1 周雅茹1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.140
作者单位：1. 河北科技师范学院 生命科技学院, 昌黎 066600；2. 河北农业大学 林学院, 保定 071000
中文关键词：酿酒葡萄，绿盲蝽，种群动态，监测技术，综合防治
英文关键词：wine grapes, Apolygus lucorum, population dynamics, monitoring technology, integrated control
中文摘要：【目的】 绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)上升为酿酒葡萄园区的主要害虫，并呈现出逐年加重的态势，发展绿盲蝽无公害监测和综合管理技术成为构建品质优良、食用安全的葡萄酒产业中的重要环节。【方法】 就此本文系统调查了河北昌黎华夏长城酿酒葡萄种植园区绿盲蝽全年种群发生动态，并对其主害代及监测预警技术进行了探讨；进一步分析了葡萄园内优势天敌的发生规律，以及其对绿盲蝽的跟随趋势及控制作用。【结果】 结果表明：绿盲蝽在酿酒葡萄园区全年仅出现两个发生高峰期，分别为葡萄生长前期和后期，其越冬代为主害代，抓好越冬代的防治工作是降低酒葡萄受害的关键；对田间主要天敌种群动态进行分析，发现捕食性天敌对绿盲蝽的跟随现象虽不明显，但仍有一定的控制作用；采用物候监测法、温度指标监测法、粘虫板诱集监测法等对酒葡萄园区绿盲蝽越冬代和第3代成虫发生期进行监测，效果均较可靠。【结论】 综合分析认为，酿酒葡萄园区绿盲蝽的发生规律与其他大田作物明显不同，因此，在其综合管理措施的制定上也应体现差别：建议4月下旬―5月下旬对越冬代卵、成若虫进行重点监测和综合防治；8月下旬于田间设置粘虫板诱集成虫，可显著减轻绿盲蝽对酿酒葡萄的危害。
英文摘要： [Objectives] Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) has become one of the main vineyards pests and its abundance is trending upwards year by yearly. Developing pollution-free, monitoring and comprehensive management techniques for this species is essential to developing high quality wines that are safe for human consumption. [Methods] The annual population dynamics of A. lucorum were systematic investigated at the Chinese Great Wall wine vineyards at Changli, and its main infesting generation and early monitoring technologies are discussed. Factors affecting the occurrence of the dominant natural enemies, and the population trends and control, of A. lucorum were analyzed. [Results] The results show that there were two peak periods of A. lucorum infestations in Chinese Great Wall vineyards each year, affecting early and late grape crops, respectively. The overwintering generation caused the most crop damage and should be the focus of control efforts. Prevention and control of the overwintering generation is the key to decreasing crop damage. There was no obvious relationship between the population trends of predators and A. lucorum. However, a degree of biological control was still observed. No exclusive parasitoids were found. With regard to monitoring, the phenological, temperature indicator and trap-plate monitoring methods were used to monitor the overwintering and the third generation of adults. All three methods achieved credible results. [Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis implies that the factors influencing the occurrence of A. lucorum in vineyards differ significantly from those in other crops. Therefore, the integrated management measures of A. lucorum in vineyards should also differ from those employed elsewhere. Late April to late May is the key period for monitoring, prevention and control of overwintering generation eggs, larvae and adults. In late August, yellow trap plates or deploying A. lucorum sex hormones in the field, can significantly reduce damage to wine grapes.