陕西苹果园山楂叶螨抗药性监测
Resistance of Tetranychus viennensis to insecticides in apple orchards in Shaanxi Province
彭丽娟** 左亚运 段辛乐 陈茂华***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.141
作者单位：西北农林科技大学植物保护学院，农业部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，杨凌 712100
中文关键词：山楂叶螨，毒力，抗药性监测，苹果园
英文关键词：Tetranychus viennensis, toxicity, insecticide resistance monitoring, apple orchard
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确陕西省苹果园的山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher种群对5种药剂的抗性水平。【方法】 采用玻片浸渍法，建立了山楂叶螨室内饲养的相对敏感种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感基线，同时从陕西乾县、礼泉、兴平、澄城、安塞、淳化、凤翔和扶风8个不同地区的苹果园采集山楂叶螨，分析这些田间种群的抗药性水平。【结果】 山楂叶螨室内相对敏感种群对阿维菌素的敏感性最高，对毒死蜱敏感性最低；各种群对哒螨灵已产生了13.29～69.63倍的抗性；对高效氯氟氰菊酯已经产生了7.99～46.74倍的抗性；除兴平种群对阿维菌素表现为低抗水平外（抗性倍数7.63），其余种群对阿维菌素表现为敏感或者敏感性下降（抗性倍数1.89～3.94）；除扶风种群对毒死蜱抗性水平处于敏感性下降的阶段外，其它7个种群对毒死蜱的均处于敏感阶段；各种群对噻虫嗪均处于敏感阶段。【结论】 山楂叶螨室内相对敏感种群对5种不同杀虫剂的敏感性不同；各田间种群对哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯两种药剂已经产生了不同水平的抗药性，除兴平种群对阿维菌素产生低抗水平抗性外，其余田间种群对阿维菌素、毒死蜱和噻虫嗪抗性均表现为敏感或者敏感性下降；田间防治时应该减少哒螨灵和高效氯氟氰菊酯两种药剂的使用，同时注意不同农药的轮换使用，以此延缓山楂叶螨对杀虫剂产生高水平抗药性。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate insecticide resistance in Tetranychus viennensis (Zacher) in apple orchards in Shaanxi Province. [Methods] The slide-dip method was used to test the toxicity of five insecticides to a susceptible population of T. viennensis, and to specimens from eight wild populations collected from apple orchards at Qianxian, Liquan, Xingping, Chengcheng, Ansai, Chunhua, Fengxiang and Fufeng, Shaanxi Province. [Results] The susceptible population was the most sensitive to abamectin, and the least sensitive to chlorpyrifos. The eight wild populations had moderate to high resistance to pyridaben (resistance ratios of 13.29-69.63), and low to high resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios of 7.99-46.74), and were susceptible, or had low levels of resistance, to abamectin (resistance ratios of 1.89-7.63). The Fufeng population was slightly resistant to chlorpyrifos but all other populations were susceptible to this pesticide, and all populations were susceptible to thiamethoxam. [Conclusion] The susceptible population of T. viennensis showed different sensitivity to the five insecticides tested. Field populations varied in their resistance to pyridaben and lambda-cyhalothrin, and were susceptible, or had low levels of resistance, to abamectin, chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam. These results suggest that the application of pyridaben and lambda-cyhalothrin should be reduced, and rotation of insecticides should be considered to manage the development of insecticide resistance in T. viennensis.