害虫抗药性进化的遗传起源与分子机制
The genetic origin and molecular basic of the evolution of insect resistance to insecticides
何月平;沈晋良*
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作者单位：南京农业大学植物保护学院农药科学系 南京 210095
中文关键词：害虫， 抗药性， 进化， 起源， 遗传， 机制
英文关键词：Insect, insecticide resistance, evolution, origin,genetics, mechanism
中文摘要：
根据生物进化理论深入理解害虫抗药性进化的遗传起源，并根据解释基因新功能进化的基因重复理论，推测认为基因重复为抗性基因变异提供了原材料。最后，根据现有抗性报道的例子将抗性突变的分子机制进行归类，并发现在多样化的抗性突变中存在一定的规律性，如靶标位点的点突变导致抗性的机制是靶标抗性机制的主要形式，基因扩增或基因过表达导致的代谢酶活性增加是代谢抗性的重要机制，这种规律性与变异的适合度密切相关。
英文摘要：The review acquires a good understanding to the genetic origin of insect resistance to insecticides based on the biological evolution theory. In addition, based on gene duplication theory explaining the evolution of new gene functions, it is speculated that gene duplication produces raw material for mutation of the resistance gene. At last, the molecular mechanism of resistance mutation is concluded based on current resistance issues, and some regularity are found among diversified mechanisms of resistance mutation, for example, point mutations in target loci are the dominant form of resistance, and up-regulation of metabolizing enzymes, caused by gene amplification or gene overexpress, are more common mechanisms of metabolizing resistance. The regularity is closed related to the fitness cost of the mutation.
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