福建省入侵红火蚁扩散规律研究
Expansion of Solenopsis invicta Buren in Fujian Province
张 翔1, 2** 陈艺欣1, 2, 3 侯有明1, 2*** 谢毅璇4
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2015.165
作者单位：1. 福建农林大学植物保护学院福建省昆虫生态重点实验室，福州 350002； 2. 农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，福州 350002； 3. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福州 350013；4. 厦门市植保植检站，厦门 361000
中文关键词：红火蚁，入侵时间，不同生境，蚁巢，拟合模型
英文关键词：Solenopsis invicta, intrusion period, different habitats, mound, fitting model
中文摘要： 【目的】 重大入侵害虫红火蚁Solenopsis
invicta Buren广泛分布传播于世界各地，为了掌握红火蚁在新入侵地的传播和扩散的规律，对红火蚁入侵史进行溯源，以期为预防红火蚁入侵提供重要依据。【方法】 本文对福建省各地入侵红火蚁的基本入侵参数进行分析，分别对入侵时间与蚁巢数量、蚁巢发生密度以及不同生境蚁巢密度进行模型拟合。【结果】 结果表明，入侵方式和入侵地生境的差异导致了入侵红火蚁不同种群的发展状态。由废旧资源携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群，其发生面积较小，扩散的速率较慢，为28.1~116.4 m/年；由草皮苗木携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群，其发生面积较大，扩散的速率较快，为126.1~555.5 m/年。【结论】 建立了蚁巢数量、密度与入侵时间之间的关系模型，分别为N = 1 003.9Ln (t) + 336.27，D= 0.0966e0.583t，并以此推测三个入侵事件的发生时间范围。
英文摘要： [Objectives] The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a devastating invasive species that has had severe effects on the ecological environment, agriculture, and public safety in many countries. This paper aims to provide better understanding of the spread of this pest in newly colonized areas, to trace to the invasion history of S. invicta, and provide important theoretical references for the prevention of the establishment of this pest. [Methods] The primary parameters of invasion by S. invicta in Fujian Province were analyzed using a model fitting method. Models of the relationships between intrusion period and the number of mounds, as well as mound density in the invaded range and in different habitats, were constructed. [Results] The results suggest that different populations exhibited different patterns of invasion in response to habitat differences. Populations imported with reusable resources have so far occupied only relatively small ranges and their rate of invasion has been relatively slow (28.1-116.4 m/year). In contrast, populations that were imported with greensward and saplings have relatively large ranges and spread relatively rapidly (126.1-555.5m/year). [Conclusion] Models relating to mound density, number of mounds and intrusion period were constructed as followed: N=1003.9Ln(t)+336.27, D=0.0966e0.583t, where t denotes the intrusion period, N denotes the number of mounds and D denotes the density of mounds. These models can be used to predict the temporal scope of three intrusion events.