湖北老河口梨小食心虫成虫发生规律 及综合防治效果
Occurrence of adult Grapholita molesta (Busck) and effects ofecological control in Laohekou, Hubei
巫鹏翔1, 2** 吴凤明1, 2 郭 冲1 王 璇1 李 贞1 张青文1 刘小
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.126
作者单位：1. 中国农业大学昆虫系，北京 100193；2. 中国科学院动物研究所，北京 100101
中文关键词：梨小食心虫，发生规律，综合防治
英文关键词： Grapholita molesta, occurrence regularity, ecological control
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了寻找湖北省老河口梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta (Busck)的最佳防治时期，推广使用无公害防控技术，减少化学药剂的使用。【方法】 分别调查了梨小食心虫在梨园及桃园的发生规律，释放赤眼蜂的生物防治效果，糖醋酒液、三角形诱捕器、黄板的物理防治效果，以及性信息素迷向防治效果。【结果】 结果表明，桃园梨小食心虫最佳防治时期在4月中下旬，梨园梨小食心虫最佳防治时期在5月下旬、6月上旬、8月中旬前。防治效果上，释放赤眼蜂生物防治措施、配比为红糖∶白酒∶食用醋：水=3∶1∶3∶80的糖醋酒液诱捕器的物理防治措施、迷向丝及迷向素的迷向措施均有替代化学防治措施的潜力。【结论】 综合防治能够有效控制梨园梨小食心虫发生量，减少化学防治频次，为建立稳定的梨园生态系统及生产无公害水果提供了帮助。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To find the optimum time of year in which to control Grapholita molesta in Laohekou, Hubei, and to promote environmentally-friendly techniques that decrease the use of chemical pesticides for controlling this pest. [Methods] We studied the occurrence of G. molesta in pear and peach orchards, the effects of biological control by releasing Trichogram matids, the effects of physical control with sugar-vinegar-spirit liquid, triangle and yellow sticky traps, and the effects of disrupting mating with sex pheromones. [Results] The optimum control periods were mid- to late April in peach orchards, and late May, early June and mid-August, in pear orchards. The release of trichogramma, sugar-vinegar-spirit liquid traps with a ratio of brown sugar∶vinegar∶white spirits∶water of 31∶3∶80, and the use of sex pheromones to disrupt mating, all have the potential to replace chemical control. [Conclusion] Ecological control can effectively control G. molesta in pear orchards, reduce the frequency of chemical control, and provide a basis for building stable ecosystems and producing environmentally-friendly fruit.