中国厚结猛蚁属（膜翅目：蚁科）十三种蚂蚁 的形态测量学研究
Morphometrics of thirteen species of the genus Pachycondyla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in China
张荣娇1, 2** 周雪婷1, 2 唐祺玲1, 2 周善义1, 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2016.139
作者单位：1. 广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室，桂林 541004；2. 广西师范大学生命科学学院，桂林 541004
中文关键词：厚结猛蚁属，形态测量，主成分分析，聚类分析
英文关键词：Pachycondyla, morphometric measurement, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis
中文摘要：
【目的】 为了探索形态测量学方法在蚁科昆虫分类中的应用价值和我国厚结猛蚁属Pachycondyla种间的系统发育关系，对国内保存有标本的厚结猛蚁属13种进行了形态测量学研究。【方法】 选取厚结猛蚁属13种各9个个体进行测量，以体长（TL）、头长（HL）、头宽（HW）、触角柄节长（SL）、前胸背板宽（PW）性状特征及头长宽比（CI）、触角柄节比（SI）共12个度量特征为变量，进行主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】 研究表明，3个主成分在头长、头宽、头长宽比及触角柄节比有较高的载荷值，差异显著。聚类结果显示，13种厚结猛蚁聚成4支：第1支（短背厚结猛蚁P. brevidorsa （Xu）、拟黑厚结猛蚁P. melanaria (Emery)、红足厚结猛蚁P. rufipes (Jerdon)和列氏厚结猛蚁P. leeuwenhoeki (Forel)）与第2支（片突厚结猛蚁P. lobocarena Xu、郑氏厚结猛蚁P. zhengi Xu和敏捷厚结猛蚁P. astute Smith）的相似度最高，亲缘关系最近；与第3支（多毛厚结猛蚁P. pilosior (Wheeler)、安南厚结猛蚁P. annamita (Andrè)、邵氏厚结猛蚁P. sauteri (Forel) 和爪哇厚结猛蚁P. javana (Mayr)）的相似度次之，亲缘关系较远；与第4支（中华厚结猛蚁P. chinensis (Emery)和黄足厚结猛蚁P. luteipes (Mayr)）相似度最低，亲缘关系最远。聚类关系与传统分类的结果基本一致：中华厚结猛蚁与黄足厚结猛蚁外部形态特征相似，聚为一支；郑氏厚结猛蚁、敏捷厚结猛蚁、邵氏厚结猛蚁、爪哇厚结猛蚁与片突厚结猛蚁外部形态特征相似，聚为另一支，亲缘关系较近。【结论】 研究结果证明形态测量学方法具有很好的应用价值，适用于蚁科昆虫分类研究。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To explore the value of morphometrics in the classification of the Formicidae and relationships among species in the genus Pachycondyla in particular. [Methods] A morphometric study of 9 individuals from 13 species of the genus Pachycondyla was conducted. Variation in total length (TL), head length (HL), head width (HW), scape length (SL), pronotal width (PW), cephalic index (CI), and scape index (SI) was analyzed using principal component and cluster analysis. [Results] The highest of the three principal components were head length, head width, cephalic index, and scape index, and differences among species were conspicuous. Cluster analysis showed that 13 species clustered into four clades; the first including 4 species [P. brevidorsa (Xu), P. melanari (Emery), P. rufipes (Jerdon) and P. leeuwenhoeki (Forel)], with highest similarity to the second clade, which was comprised of 3 species (P. lobocarena Xu, P. zhengi Xu and P. astuta Smith), followed by the third clade, with lower similarity, containing 4 species [P. pilosior (Wheeler), P. annamita (Andrè), P. sauteri (Forel), P. javana (Mayr)]. The fourth clade, comprised of P. chinensis (Emery) and P. luteipes (Mayr), had the least similarity to the others. P. chinensis (Emery) and P. luteipes (Mayr) were the most closely related species, clustering together in a single clade. P. zhengi Xu and P. astuta Smith, P. sauteri (Forel) and P. javana (Mayr) were also quite closely related. [Conclution] Morphometrics is both relatively easy to apply, and a reliable method, for classifying the Formicidae.