土垅大白蚁Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri)采食品级的踪迹信息素
The trail pheromone of forager castes of Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri)
陆春文1** 张 明2** 文 平3*** 徐瑞锋1 钟 锋1 庞正平4
点击：1650次 下载：12次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2017.054
作者单位：1. 防城港市白蚁防治中心，防城港 538001；2. 盱眙县水利工程白蚁防治所，盱眙 211700； 3. 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态重点实验室，昆明 650223；4. 常州市武进区白蚁防治所，常州 213159
中文关键词：大白蚁，踪迹信息素，采食行为，兵蚁，品级组成
英文关键词：Macrotermes, trail pheromone, foraging behavior, soldier, caste composition
中文摘要：
【目的】 解析土垅大白蚁Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri)采食行为中的踪迹信息交流机制。 【方法】 通过对其踪迹信息素进行化学和行为活性分析。【结果】 土垅大白蚁兵蚁腹板腺源踪迹信息素的主要成分为顺-3-十二碳单烯醇-1（(3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol, DOE），与工蚁的踪迹信息素化学结构完全相同。大兵蚁腺体当中DOE的含量最高，分别是大、小工蚁品级和小兵蚁品级DOE含量的3.88倍和3.78倍，与其在采食行为中的功能相适应。尽管小兵蚁的位置处于采食队伍的先锋，但小兵蚁的踪迹信息素含量与工蚁相当，不能起到召募采食的作用。行为观察和跟踪信息素行为活性表明大兵蚁具有通过分泌大量踪迹信息素召募工蚁品级的能力。【结论】 土垅大白蚁依靠大兵蚁分泌大量踪迹信息素单一组分及其在采食队伍中的位置的变化来实现采食行为中的方向信息的快速传递交流。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the chemical trail communication in Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri). [Methods] The trail pheromone of M. annandalei was chemically analyzed and behaviorally assayed. [Results] The trail pheromone from the sternal-gland of the soldier caste in the foraging M. annandalei was (3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (DOE), which was the same as that of workers. The large soldiers (LS) secreted the most DOE; 3.88 and 3.78 times more than that secreted by the workers and the small soldiers (SS), respectively. This indicates that the LS are the recruitment caste among the foraging workers. Despite the advanced position of small soldiers in the foraging populations, they secreted the same amount of trail pheromone as both the large workers (LW) and the small workers (SW), and therefore are unlikely to be a recruitment caste. Field behavioural observations and indoor bioassay results confirmed that the LS can recruit the workers by secreting higher amount of the trail pheromone component, the DOE. [Conclusion] M. annandalei relies on a single component trail pheromone from large soldiers and their position in the foraging populations to effectively exchange information on food sources and orientate the foraging nestmates towards food sources.